Methodologies for Characterization of Aerospace Polymers/Energetic Materials - a Short Review

Pedreira, Shirley M.; Pinto, Juliano Ribeiro Aguiar; Campos, Eunice Aparecida; Mattos, Elizabeth da Costa; Oliveira, Mauro Santos de; Oliveira, José Irineu Sampaio de; Dutra, Rita de Cássia Lazzarini

doi:10.5028/jatm.v8i1.576

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Overall, revisiting knowledge constitutes a road mark for future developments on specialty polymers and nanocomposites. This short review aims to impulse research on high-temperature resistant composites made from commonly available materials [119,120]. For example, fumed silica is used as filler in EHSM and common additive in industry and presents the same level of thermal conductivity of super critically dried aerogels.…”

Section: New Challenges and Opportunities With Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of elastomeric heat shielding materials as insulators for solid propellant rocket motors: A short review

et al. 2020

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This review addresses a comparison, based on the literature, among nitrile rubber (NBR), ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer rubber (EPDM), and polyurethane (PU) elastomeric heat shielding materials (EHSM). Currently, these are utilized for the insulation of rocket engines to prevent catastrophic breakdown if combustion gases from propellant reaches the motor case. The objective of this review is to evaluate the performance of PU–EHSM, NBR–EHSM, and EPDM–EHSM as insulators, the latter being the current state of the art in solid rocket motor (SRM) internal insulation. From our review, PU–EHSM emerged as an alternative to EPDM–EHSM because of their easier processability and compatibility with composite propellant. With the appropriate reinforcement and concentration in the rubber, they could replace EPDM in certain applications such as rocket motors filled with composite propellant. A critical assessment and future trends are included. Rubber composites novelties as EHSM employs specialty fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS), nanofibers, nanoparticles, and high-performance engineering polymers such as polyetherimide and polyphosphazenes.

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Section: New Challenges and Opportunities With Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of elastomeric heat shielding materials as insulators for solid propellant rocket motors: A short review

et al. 2020

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“…A review was published on methods for characterization and determination of polymers used in aerospace, including those based on infrared spectroscopy [124]. Table 4 summarizes the main parameters that characterize the different HTPBs, that determine their performance in a compound propellant.…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Htpbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FT-IR spectroscopy is an essential analytical tool in modern laboratories. Pedreira et al [124] cites the development of an FT-IR methodology, which uses another band, free from hydrogen bonds, around 3610 cm À 1 , observed in solution, with good precision. FT-IR was used to evaluate the hydroxyl content of HTPB [125], measuring the absorption band at 3450 cm À 1 .…”

Section: Infrared Spectroscopy (Ft-ir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Hydroxyl‐Terminal Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Its Use as a Liner and Binder for Composite Propellants: A Review of Recent Advances

Amado

Ross

Murakami

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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This paper reviews hydroxyl-terminal polybutadiene (HTPB) used as liner and binder for composite propellants, applied in rocket motors studied throughout the last decades, emphasizing the recent advances. The contribution aims to show the importance of HTPB in the propellant composition and on the liner coating of the rocket motor, which is in contact with the propellant grain. This paper also shows that many researchers have thoroughly studied several properties of HTPB, which are rele-vant to its role in liners and propellants. We have also reviewed analytical techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as a characterization technique for HTPB and HTPB-based polyurethanes. Reflection and transfectants FTIR may be a future trend in studies about polymeric matrices for liners and propellants, and in the area of propellant formulations that use energetic binders, graphene and nanomaterials.

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“…In the propellants area, for instance, the IOH value is required in stoichiometric calculations for polyurethanes (PU) production (Pedreira et al 2016). It is known that in such polymers production, the hydroxyl groups (OH) of polyol react with monomeric molecules containing two or more groups of isocyanates (N=C=O) for crosslinks formation.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Techniques For Determination Of Hydroxyl Valuementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Techniques for Determination of Hydroxyl Value in Materials for Different Industrial Applications

Jesus

Murakami

Mello

et al. 2019

J.Aerosp. Technol. Manag.

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When some materials need to be characterized, the hydroxyl number (IOH) determination is especially useful, mainly for those applied in the aerospace field. Usually, this characterization is performed by wet chemistry, using methodologies involving several steps, such as derivatization. This is a time-consuming and costly step. On the other hand, when the analysis is performed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, the most used region is the medium infrared (MIR) and transmission techniques are usually employed. However, FT-IR methodology developed error is usually not discussed. FT-IR methodology was developed in near infrared (NIR) and MIR regions, including non-conventional techniques, such as universal attenuated total reflection (UATR) and transflectance (near infrared reflection accessory [NIRA]), and transmission, to determine IOH in surfactants, used in aerospace catalysts/cosmetic products, and polyesters, applied in paints. According to the samples’ characteristics, surfactants were analyzed by transmission/solution and, as received, by NIRA. Polyesters were analyzed by UATR and NIRA, as received. The IOH values for all samples were also measured by wet chemistry and/or potentiometry (supplier’s data) and used as reference. Good linear correlations were observed between 0.939 and 0.976, being considered with good precision, and between 88% (NIRA) and 98% (MIR) of the results were explained by developed methodologies.

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Methodologies for Characterization of Aerospace Polymers/Energetic Materials - a Short Review

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Evaluation of elastomeric heat shielding materials as insulators for solid propellant rocket motors: A short review

Evaluation of elastomeric heat shielding materials as insulators for solid propellant rocket motors: A short review

Properties of Hydroxyl‐Terminal Polybutadiene (HTPB) and Its Use as a Liner and Binder for Composite Propellants: A Review of Recent Advances

Evaluation of Techniques for Determination of Hydroxyl Value in Materials for Different Industrial Applications

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