Quantification of Aerospace Polymer Blends by Thermogravimetric Analysis and Infrared Spectrometry

Rigoli, Paulo Santos; Murakami, Lídia Mattos Silva; Diniz, Milton Faria; Azevedo, Margarete F. P.; Cassu, Silvana Navarro; Mattos, Elizabeth da Costa; Dutra, Rita de Cássia Lazzarini

doi:10.5028/jatm.v11.986

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This ratio (A 1 /A 2 ) is composed of an analytical band (A 1 ) and a reference band (A 2 ), and the latter stays unchanged. Two analytical bands, as observed in other studies, can also constitute a band intensity ratio, to eliminate the interference of sample thickness variation, which can instigate errors in measuring the intensity of the band (Rigoli et al 2019, Carvalho et al 2021, Ferreira et al 2020.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The Lambert-Beer law establishes a linear relationship between compound absorbance (A) and its concentration (Smith 1979, Custódio et al 2018. For the determination of A, as done in previous studies, the height of the analytical band (intensity) from each elastomer was measured (Rigoli et al 2019, Carvalho et al 2021.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, the study proceeded with UATR and NIRA analysis of each sample for the elastomers quantification, including methodology errors. Calculations were carried out in accordance with the non-parametric statistical method (Eq.1-3) (deviations related to the median) (Horák & Vítek 1978), which are applied in different FT-IR spectroscopic data investigation (Rigoli et al 2019, Carvalho et al 2021, Azevedo et al 2018.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Infrared quantification of binary rubber blends with overlapping bands

Barros

Murakami

Magalhães

et al. 2023

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Quantification of elastomer content for the ethylene-propylene diene monomer/polybutadiene blend are seldom subjects in the literature, mainly due to rubber compatibility problems. However, suitable blend contents can lead to desirable properties. Infrared spectroscopy can quantify this type of blend even if some bands overlap, which can be resolved with the proper choice of spectrum obtaining mode and non-overlapping analytical bands. This study evaluates the ethylene-propylene diene monomer/polybutadiene blend quantification by transmission, reflection and transflectance infrared. Even though all of the methodologies showed satisfactory results, transmission mode provided better accuracy. The methodology is simple and suited for the rubber industry. The sample with the higher BR content provided the best result.The band at 743 cm -1 is weak and results in even weaker absorptions when measuring samples with low BR content. On the other hand, the developed methodologies provided an accurate determination of low EPDM contents. For infrared spectroscopy researchers, these results not only encourage using different spectra obtaining modes application, including less conventional ones such as transflectance in the near infrared region for quantitative determination, it also contributes to a wide discussion of errors in the developed methodologies, which are also seldom discussed in publications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Infrared quantification of binary rubber blends with overlapping bands

Barros

Murakami

Magalhães

et al. 2023

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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show abstract

“…Studies by Horák & Vítek (1978) and Dutra (1984) evaluated the error of the developed methodologies with non-parametric statistics applied to spectroscopic analysis. This assessment has already been successfully applied in recent papers aerospace materials (Rigoli et al 2019, Jesus et al 2019, and in previous papers (Dutra et al 1996, Dutra & Soares 1998.…”

Section: Materials and Reaction Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of epoxy systems by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the flexibilizing effect of mercaptans

Janzen

Diniz

Azevedo³

et al. 2021

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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Epoxy systems are widely applied as adhesives in the aerospace industry. They have excellent adhesion properties, however, being thermosetting, epoxy systems show fracture brittleness characteristics. Polysulfi de and polymercaptans are good options to increase the fl exibility of the epoxy adhesive. Thermal analysis techniques are generally used to evaluate the curing degree of epoxy systems. In most cases, when infrared (IR) analysis is used, it is employed qualitatively. This paper presents the reaction study of a DGEBA epoxy prepolymer with diethylenetriamine (DETA) and linear and branched dodecyl mercaptans as fl exibilizers. Conversion data and curing time were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) in the medium infrared region (MIR) and in the near infrared region, using near infrared refl ectance accessory (NIRA). NIRA methodology showed satisfactory results, with errors between 3 and 7%, especially in samples with lower amine contents. Mechanical tests confi rmed the fl exibilization of the cured epoxy system by the addition of mercaptans, indicating a lower crosslinking degree in the matrix. Young's modulus (E) signifi cantly decreased from 2017 MPa to 578 MPa with the addition of approximately 20 wt% of normal dodecyl mercaptan to the epoxy system.

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“…By reflection, using the UATR accessory, in the same way that was done in a recent study by Rigoli et al [26] , the pyrolysis samples were analyzed by placing them in contact with the diamond-coated zinc selenide crystal surface with 120N (Newton) torque application.…”

Section: Ft-ir Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification by FT-IR (UATR/NIRA) of NBR/SBR blends

et al. 2018

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ObstractRubber blends are important materials in automotive industry, as well as in other sectors. However, there are implications when suitable use of a polymer in an artifact is not made. In the automotive area, for example, the use of an elastomer without the fuel resistance requirement would result in component degradation, potential fuel leakage, and danger of fire. The use of polymer blends may be the solution to this problem. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) can be used for the knowledge of the polymer content of these blends. Then, FT-IR quantitative methodologies for determining acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (NBR) copolymer and butadiene-styrene copolymer (SBR) contents were developed by the transflectance accessory, NIRA, and the transmission mode, being the sample analyzed by transmission and universal attenuated total reflection (UATR) in the medium infrared (MIR). UATR and NIRA methodologies showed better accuracy. However, the MIR analysis showed a detection limit between 10-20% of NBR.

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Quantification of Aerospace Polymer Blends by Thermogravimetric Analysis and Infrared Spectrometry

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Infrared quantification of binary rubber blends with overlapping bands

Infrared quantification of binary rubber blends with overlapping bands

Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of epoxy systems by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the flexibilizing effect of mercaptans

Quantification by FT-IR (UATR/NIRA) of NBR/SBR blends

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