One-Dimensional Thermal Analysis Model for Charring Ablative Materials

Materials design for hypersonics

“…A history of simulation codes modeling thermal protection system materials is presented in 111 and dates to the 1960s and includes software like the CMA code by the Aerotherm Corporation 112,113 and the FIAT code by the NASA Ames Research Center 113 , that incorporates internal energy balance, decomposition equations, general surface energy balance boundary conditions, and a thermochemical ablation model 111,114 . Other simulations have been performed modeling ablation in carbon-phenolic (charring) composites [115][116][117] , electromagnetic shielding at microwave frequencies 118 , water mass flow rate in transpiration (active) cooling systems 119 , flow fields and thermal behavior of solid samples, temperature-dependent fracture toughness of particulate-reinforced UHTCs 120 , and mechanical-thermoelectric performance for multifunctional thermal protection systems 10 . High-temperature thermal and elastic properties of high-entropy borides have also been modeled using molecular dynamics 121 .…”