Morphological, viscoelastic and mechanical characterization of polypropylene/exfoliated graphite nanocomposites

Ferreira, Creusa Iara; Bianchi, Otávio; Oviedo, M. A. S.; Oliveira, Ricardo Vinícius Bof de; Mauler, Raquel Santos

doi:10.4322/polimeros.2013.066

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…A Newtonian plateau is observed at low frequency for all samples (valid for all volume fractions ranging from 0.3 to 2%). The Newtonian viscosity increases as a function of volume fraction, as reported in the literature , especially for KNG‐G5. Similar results were observed by Corcione et al in the case of an epoxy matrix filled with GNP of different sizes.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Figure presents the variation of the storage modulus E′ and loss modulus E″ as a function of temperature for PP/1% GNP composites. Mechanical properties in the linear domain, characterized by the storage E′ and loss E″ moduli, are improved by the addition of GNP over the whole range of temperature as reported in the literature in the case of exfoliated graphite . A more intense increase of the storage E′ and loss E″ moduli is observed for the KNG‐G5‐based composites.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The objective is to improve the mechanical, thermal, electrical or gas barrier properties of the matrix. However, obtaining a nanodispersion of untreated GNP in a non‐polar matrix by melt mixing remains a challenge . Nevertheless, even though solvent dispersion appears more efficient than melt mixing , the latter is the only technique that can be used at an industrial scale without environmental issues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural, thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene/graphene nanoplatelets composites: Effect of particle size and melt mixing conditions

Beuguel

Mija

Vergnes

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) of various sizes were mixed with polypropylene (PP) in an internal mixer to prepare composites. The effects of mixing conditions, GNP size and concentration in composites were investigated. The composites were characterized at different scales, using electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and rheometry. It was shown that the PP/GNP composites had to be considered as non‐intercalated and non‐exfoliated microcomposites. However, the thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of the PP/GNP microcomposites were improved with respect to that of the matrix and similar to those of thermoplastic/organoclay or reduced graphene nanocomposites. In the best cases, storage modulus plateau in the glassy domain was increased by 30% and onset of degradation temperature by 40°C. Finally, in the investigated range of this study, the mixing conditions applied in the internal mixer did not affect the structural and rheological properties of the PP/GNP composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1937–1944, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural, thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene/graphene nanoplatelets composites: Effect of particle size and melt mixing conditions

Beuguel

Mija

Vergnes

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…This trend is attributed to the increased viscous dissipation resulting from the presence of the interface between PA12 and EVA phases. The m values remained between 0.36 and 0.52 for all samples, which characterizes a non‐Newtonian flow (shear thinning) commonly observed for polymers at low frequencies .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Effect of the partially hydrolyzed EVA‐h content on the morphology, rheology, and mechanical properties of PA12/EVA blends

Amaral

Ernzen²,

Fiório

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this article, a hydrolyzed EVA copolymer (EVA‐h) was chosen as an interfacial agent of PA12/EVA blends. The effect of EVA‐h addition (5 and 10 wt% in relation to EVA phase) on morphological, interfacial and mechanical properties of the systems was investigated. The polymer blends were melt processed in an interpenetrating co‐rotating twin‐screen extruder. The EVA‐h practically did not change the continuity index of the blends. However, it resulted in the reduction of the size of the dispersed EVA phase in polyamide. EVA‐h contributed to the reduction of the interfacial tension (4.6 – 0.32 mN/m) and the formation of a stable morphology. The EVA‐h improved the interaction between PA12 and EVA phases, being its effect more pronounced on the elastic modulus and hardness properties. The behavior of the mechanical properties confirmed the compatibilizer effect EVA‐h in the blends. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:335–344, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…The addition of EG to polypropylene gives a polymermatrix composite with increased values of the flexural modulus and storage modulus, while the impact strength is essentially unaffected [72]. Due to the electrical and thermal conductivity of EG, the incorporation of EG in phenolic gives a polymer-matrix composite that is attractive for use as the bipolar plate of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell [73].…”

Section: Exfoliated Graphite Compositesmentioning

confidence: 98%

A review of exfoliated graphite

2015

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Exfoliated graphite (EG) refers to graphite that has a degree of separation of a substantial portion of the carbon layers in the graphite. Graphite nanoplatelet (GNP) is commonly prepared by mechanical agitation of EG. The EG exhibits clinginess, due to its cellular structure, but GNP does not. The clinginess allows the formation of EG compacts and flexible graphite sheet without a binder. The exfoliation typically involves intercalation, followed by heating. Upon heating, the intercalate vaporizes and/or decomposes into smaller molecules, thus causing expansion and cell formation. The sliding of the carbon layers relative to one another enables the cell wall to stretch. The exfoliation process is accompanied by intercalate desorption, so that only a small portion of the intercalate remains after exfoliation. The most widely used intercalate is sulfuric acid. The higher concentration of residue in unwashed EG causes the relative dielectric constant (50 Hz) of the EG to be 360 (higher than 120 for KOH-activated GNP), compared to the value of 38 for the water-washed case. An EG compact is obtained by the compression of EG at a pressure lower than that used for the fabrication of flexible graphite. Compared to flexible graphite, EG compacts are mechanically weak, but they exhibit viscous character, outof-plane electrical/thermal conductivity and liquid permeability. The viscous character (flexural loss tangent up to 35 for the solid part of the compact) stems from the sliding of the carbon layers relative to one another, with the ease of the sliding enhanced by the exfoliation process.

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Morphological, viscoelastic and mechanical characterization of polypropylene/exfoliated graphite nanocomposites

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Structural, thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene/graphene nanoplatelets composites: Effect of particle size and melt mixing conditions

Structural, thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene/graphene nanoplatelets composites: Effect of particle size and melt mixing conditions

Effect of the partially hydrolyzed EVA‐h content on the morphology, rheology, and mechanical properties of PA12/EVA blends

A review of exfoliated graphite

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