The dark side of the esophagus

Martins, Daniela; Marques, Rita; P, Costa; Pinto-de-Sousa, João

doi:10.4322/acr.2021.284

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Despite the poor prognosis of AEN, most patients present with endoscopic improvement within a short time, from 7 days to 1 month [27,62]. Although there are no clinical guidelines in AEN management, it seems reasonable to perform a repeat endoscopy 1 month after initial presentation [9,69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, AEN is said to be a rare disease, its prevalence is underestimated due to the lack of performing endoscopy examination among critically ill patients [27]. Despite the fact that upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage is the most common clinical presentation of black oesophagus, other symptoms may be presented, such as dysphagia, nausea, fever, epigastric pain, chest pain, and syncope [27][28][29]. It is therefore crucial to examine patients thoroughly due to the fact that chest pain can be the only manifestation of black oesophagus.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact of poor oesophageal vascularization leads to rapid mucosa injury of the distal oesophagus, which is less vascularized compared to the middle and proximal segments [27,59]. Furthermore, possible etiological factors of AEN, such as malignancy or gastric volvulus causing gastric obstruction, lead to the accumulation of gastric contents and their return to the oesophagus, which worsens the ischemic injury [27]. According to Hong et al, massive reflux disease can also lead to AEN [60].…”

Section: Figure 5 Etiopathogenesis Of Black Oesophagusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some studies have shown black oesophagus in patients with duodenal involvement [5,64], unfortunately, the etiology of the duodenal involvement remains unknown [5]. A possible explanation for this is that both the oesophagus and the duodenum receive blood from the celiac axis [27].…”

Section: Figure 5 Etiopathogenesis Of Black Oesophagusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Into the dark of the black oesophagus

Rycyk-Bojarzyńska,

Kasztelan-Szczerbińska,

Cichoż-Lach

2023

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN), known as black oesophagus or Gurvit's syndrome, is an extremely rare clinical syndrome. Patients usually present with life-threatening symptoms of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (70-90% of cases), as in this case report. Diagnosis of AEN is confirmed based on oesophagogastroduodenoscopy which reveals diffuse or patchy circumferential black necrotic oesophageal mucosa. The presented patient had some comorbidities, such as poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, secondary to chronic pancreatitis, hypertension, after cholecystectomy, addiction to alcohol and tobacco, and taking a small spoon of baking soda three times a day for a few months because of heartburn. Despite the poor prognosis of AEN, with mortality about 32-35%, most patients present with endoscopic improvement in short time -from 7 days to 1 month. Fortunately, the patient did not to have any complications in the course of AEN, and the treatment was effective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 5 Etiopathogenesis Of Black Oesophagusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 5 Etiopathogenesis Of Black Oesophagusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Into the dark of the black oesophagus

Rycyk-Bojarzyńska,

Kasztelan-Szczerbińska,

Cichoż-Lach

2023

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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“…Eine mögliche Erklärung für diese Koinzidenzen wäre die gemeinsame arterielle Versorgung von distalem Ösophagus, Magen und dem proximalen Duodenum aus Ästen des Truncus coeliacus [15]. Eine Kasuistik von Ota et al, bei der ein "black duodenum" zusammen mit einer AÖN auftrat und ein Aneurysma des Truncus coeliacus enthielt [16], bestärkt diese Annahme.…”

Section: Nekrosen In Magen Und Duodenumunclassified

„Black esophagus“ – zwei Obduktionsfälle mit infektiöser Beteiligung

et al. 2022

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Zusammenfassung„Black esophagus“ oder „akute Ösophagusnekrose“ (AÖN) ist eine seltene Erkrankung, die sich makroskopisch durch eine zirkumferente Schwarzverfärbung der Ösophagusmukosa mit abruptem Ende am gastroösophagealen Übergang auszeichnet. Die genaue Pathogenese ist unbekannt; es werden multifaktorielle Einflüsse wie z. B. Säurereflux, Ischämie und verringerte Schutzmechanismen der Mukosa als mögliche Ursachen diskutiert.Vorgestellt werden 2 Obduktionsfälle, die typische Befunde einer AÖN aufwiesen. Zusätzlich hatten Fall 1 eine Candida-Infektion und Fall 2 eine Appendizitis, sodass eine infektiöse Genese in beiden Fällen eine Rolle gespielt haben könnte.

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A rare case of combined black esophagus and stomach: a case report

Magarinos¹,

Akcelik²,

Schmidt³

et al. 2023

Ann Esophagus

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Background: Black esophagus is a relatively rare phenomenon that seems to occur in a morbid patient population, however, this entity may be more common than we currently know. Additionally, black esophagus may even be reversible in some cases. There are far fewer cases of black stomach described. The exact etiology and cause are less well known but may have similar risk factors as black esophagus. These disease pathologies are devastating to the patients they affect and can pose clinical challenges for the providers that encounter them. Case Description: This case report details our experience with a moribund patient who was found to have extensive pneumomediastinum and gastric perforation secondary to black esophagus and black stomach. This was diagnosed on endoscopy following imaging that showed extensive pneumomediastinum. Initially the intent was to temporize the disease process in an attempt to stabilize the patient however at the time of diagnosis, the degree of ischemia had led to perforation and the disease process was not reversible or recoverable. He ultimately expired after comfort directed care measures were put in place. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this case will be the first reported in current literature and will hopefully shed some light on this unusual and devastating pathology.

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The dark side of the esophagus

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Into the dark of the black oesophagus

Into the dark of the black oesophagus

„Black esophagus“ – zwei Obduktionsfälle mit infektiöser Beteiligung

A rare case of combined black esophagus and stomach: a case report

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