Effects of El Niño on the Coastal Ecosystems and Their Related Services

Rossi, Sergio; Soares, Marcelo de Oliveira

doi:10.4215/rm2017.e16030

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Estos últimos procesos naturales representan casi el 45 % de todos los disturbios no antropogénicos reportados (Mira et al, 2019;Sippo et al, 2018). Además, los manglares pueden ser impactados por fenómenos tales como "El Niño" y "La Niña" que alteran los aportes de agua dulce y, por ende, afectan la salinidad del sistema y, finalmente, los procesos debidos al cambio climático entre los cuales el aumento del nivel del mar se vislumbra como la mayor amenaza (Ellison, 2018;Giri et al, 2011;Rossi et al, 2017;Ward et al, 2016).…”

Section: Impactos Naturalesunclassified

“…Los impactos más notables relacionados con el El Niño son las sequías observadas en sectores de Australia, África, India, Sudeste asiático, Indonesia, Centroamérica y el Caribe y, el noreste de América del Sur que, si observadas durante periodos prolongados, traen consigo diferentes consecuencias como la reducción de la producción agrícola y el desabastecimiento de agua para la población y también la disminución de los aportes de agua dulce a los bosques de manglar. Estas condiciones de sequía impactan la hidrología del manglar: durante periodos de sequía severa se observa un aumento en la salinidad (hipersalinidad) debido a una disminución del aporte de agua fluvial y el consiguiente aumento exponencial de la evapotranspiración en los estuarios (Pérez- Ceballos et al, 2020;Rossi et al, 2017). Por otro lado, en algunas regiones del planeta tales como la costa Pacífica de Perú y Ecuador, el sureste de Brasil y el sur de California, al fenómeno de El Niño se asocian intensas lluvias que dan lugar a inundaciones y deslizamientos que provocan importantes daños materiales y pérdidas de vidas humanas (Pabón et al, 2017;Riascos et al, 2018).…”

Section: Impactos Naturalesunclassified

“…En detalle, en el Caribe, durante el fenómeno de La Niña, se presentan altas precipitaciones que alteran las características hidrológicas e hidrodinámicas de los ríos. Las anomalías en las precipitaciones pueden así inducir una disminución de la salinidad y un aumento de la turbidez de las aguas fluviales y de la cantidad de nutrientes disueltos, conjunto de factores que aumenta la competencia de los manglares con otras especies de plantas que poseen una mayor tasa de crecimiento en estas condiciones (Rossi et al, 2017;von Prahl, 1990) así favoreciendo su colonización por especies invasoras que podrían alterar el desarrollo normal del manglar, por ejemplo evitando su migración (Biswas et al, 2018;Osland et al, 2018).…”

Section: Impactos Naturalesunclassified

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Natural Processes and Human Actuations: Impacts on Mangrove Forests of South America

Bolívar-Anillo¹,

Anfuso²,

Abarca³

et al. 2020

COSTAS

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The great importance of mangroves’ forest is linked to their capacity of resilience against natural and human impacts, this way playing a determinant function in the adaptation to climatic change related processes. At global scale, mangroves’ forests cover an area of 150,000 km2, 11% (≈16,500 km2) of them being located along the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of South America. About 70 species of mangroves exist around the World with 10 observed in South America, among them the most relevant are: Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa and Conocarpus erectus. Concerning mangroves’ cover loss, at global scale, an annual rate of 0.16% was observed between 2000 and 2012 with lower rates recorded in South America respect to Asia, Africa, North and Central America. This paper analyses the main effects of natural and human impacts on mangroves’ forests by means of examples from South America and several other countries. Concerning natural impacts special attention was devoted to: i) constant and ii) specific erosion processes (related to storms and tropical cyclones), both of them essentially affect Rizophora mangle since this specie occurs at the shoreline meanwhile strong winds recorded during hurricanes (with a category > 3 of the Saffir-Simpson scale) especially affects R. mangle and A. germinans, and iii) the effects of climatic phenomena such as “El Niño” and “La Niña” that produce variations in soil salinity that determinates the establishment and growth of a mangrove’s specie or an other. Concerning human impacts special attention was paid to illegal logging that, in the Northern Caribbean of Colombian coast essentially affectes L. racemosa, which wood is used by local population to build up cabins on the beaches for tourist purposes. Keywords: Coastal erosion, Hurricane, El Niño, Deforestation, Salinity.

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Section: Impactos Naturalesunclassified

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Natural Processes and Human Actuations: Impacts on Mangrove Forests of South America

Bolívar-Anillo¹,

Anfuso²,

Abarca³

et al. 2020

COSTAS

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show abstract

“…Assim, uma vez criados, os arquivos de imagens podem ser utilizados repetidas vezes para extrair informações (MCKINNON; ISTOOK, [19]). Desta forma, podem ser manipulados em tempo real, rotacionados e ampliados em quaisquer posições e pontos de vista, fornecendo diferentes possibilidades de análises (ROSSI; SILVA; JÚNIOR, [23]).…”

Section: Bolsas Coletoras: Método De Análise 3dunclassified

Bolsas coletoras utilizadas por portadores de estoma: uma análise tridimensional

Collet

Silva

Aymone

2016

DeT

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No processo de cura de muitas doenças do intestino, diversas vezes, um procedimento cirúrgico conhecido por estomia é o único meio encontrado para manter o paciente em vida. Este procedimento se dá através da criação de uma abertura artificial no organismo, por onde acontece a saída das eliminações naturais do corpo, o levando, por este motivo, a utilizar uma bolsa externa para a coleta dos resíduos. O uso dessa bolsa coletora, para o estomizado, engloba uma série de questões físicas e psicológicas, que vão desde simples cuidados com o estoma até mesmo a incapacidade de retornar à vida social. A falta de informação e a utilização de dispositivos coletores de má qualidade expõem o estomizado a desconfortos, consistindo em causas frequentes para o seu isolamento. Sendo assim, o presente estudo consiste em apresentar a análise de bolsas coletoras, visando a verificação de aspectos (positivos ou negativos) do aparelho. Para alcançar o objetivo, além da revisão teórica acerca do indivíduo estomizado e da bolsa coletora, foi utilizada a tecnologia da digitalização tridimensional por fotogrametria para que se pudesse obter uma maior realidade na análise das bolsas coletoras, uma vez que apenas imageticamente não se teria a verificação da realidade do estomizado. O uso da referida tecnologia possibilitou a análise de duas bolsas coletoras, fotografadas com volumes e poses variadas, cujos resultados permitiram a compreensão e comparação acerca do seu aspecto visual, segurança e discrição, onde se percebeu que a utilização desses produtos poderia auxiliar o estomizado no processo pós-cirúrgico e contribuir numa melhora na qualidade de vida. Esta pesquisa disponibiliza resultados que podem ser utilizados pela indústria e pela academia, instigando a possibilidade de trabalho com um nicho que carece de projetos de design.

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“…In particular, regardless of the absolute certainty of whether climate change is affecting the frequency or intensity of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts, 1 it is clear that there are very serious repercussions associated with ENSO both on the composition and on the dynamics of the Peruvian coastal and marine ecosystem (Rossi and Soares 2017), and on the population in the northern part of the country. The ENSO occasionally increases the temperature of the surface waters of Perú's north coast sea, causing abundant evaporation, which is added to the persistent orographic effect of the Peruvian Andes, bringing rains that in turn give rise to floods and mudslides (Galarza and Kámiche 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Early Action Mechanisms in Peru Regarding Preparedness for El Niño

Aguirre

Ugarte

Bazo

et al. 2019

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

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In this article, we provide an impact evaluation of an intervention in Peru regarding preparedness for El Niño impacts in Picsi District of Chiclayo Province in Peru's northwestern coastal Lambayeque region. This effort involved the provision of special kits that reduce the potential damage to homes as a consequence of rainfall and floods associated with an El Niño-Southern Oscillation event. Information was collected in 2016 when this Forecast-based Financing early action was activated by an El Niño forecast, and after a coastal El Niño actually struck in 2017. This dual database permits us to estimate the impact of the intervention on the damage level of homes by comparing those homes supported by the program with those homes not receiving pilot-program support. This comparison is achieved by using propensity score matching techniques, which identify the most comparable homes to the ones that were supported by the intervention. The main findings of the study suggest a positive impact of the program in terms of its effectiveness in mitigating the damage caused by the 2017 El Niño. These results suggest a drop in the scale of house damage (less damage) by around 63% for a home that received the modular kit treatment. When considering other specifications of the model, the decrease in the scale of house damage improves up to approximately 66%.

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Effects of El Niño on the Coastal Ecosystems and Their Related Services

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Natural Processes and Human Actuations: Impacts on Mangrove Forests of South America

Natural Processes and Human Actuations: Impacts on Mangrove Forests of South America

Bolsas coletoras utilizadas por portadores de estoma: uma análise tridimensional

Evaluation of Early Action Mechanisms in Peru Regarding Preparedness for El Niño

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