Analysis of toxicity from the effluent generated in a furniture industry spray booth using the species Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa

Abstract

This study evaluated the toxicity of effluent generated in a furniture industry spray booth, before and after treatment in a system composed of an anaerobic sequencing batch (ASBR) followed by an aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The toxicity tests were carried out with raw (with and without dilutions) and treated effluent to evaluate the toxic potential using Allium cepa and Lactuca sativa as bioindicators. The toxicity tests, using Allium cepa and Lactuca sativa, indicated that the anaerobic-aerobic treatment performed was efficient to reduce the toxicity of the paint booth effluent. The raw effluent, undiluted and diluted (at 1:10; 1:8 and 1:6 dilutions), showed toxic effect on the root growth of Allium cepa, as it inhibited root growth by 100%. In the tests with Lactuca sativa seeds, there was partial inhibition, between 44% and 63%, for 1:10 and 1:8 dilutions, but for the 1: 6 dilution and without dilution of effluent the inhibition was 100%. The treated effluent, in an ASBR followed by an SBR, presented a small percentage of inhibition for tests with Allium cepa (13%) and Lactuca sativa seeds (4%). The effluent treated by the anaerobic system followed by aerobic presented low toxicity without generating lethal or sub-lethal effects to the test organisms, which indicates the efficiency of the treatment process.

Avaliação Da Qualidade Da Água De Rios Brasileiros Utilizando Células Meristemáticas De Allium Cepa Como Bioindicador: Uma Revisão Integrativa / Water Quality Assessment of Brazilian Rivers Using Allium Cepa Meristematic Cells as a Bioindicator: An Integrative Review

“…De acordo com Bolonhesi et al (2018), as plantas vêm demonstrando ser bastante eficazes quando utilizados com biomarcadores para monitorar se há ou não a ocorrência de compostos tóxicos em corpos hídricos, tal como rios, lagos etc. Allium cepa (cebola), devido a facilidade na visualização de alterações na célula, tem sido bastante empregado em testes toxicológicos com o objetivo de verificar se há poluição em determinado local de estudo e que tipo de poluentes são estes.…”

Research Article Toxicogenetic potential of Mimosa pigra (Fabaceae) infusion in Allium cepa meristematic cells

“…It is possible to evaluate some macroscopic parameters using the A. cepa test, such as toxicity, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity (Leme and Marin-Morales, 2009;Mercado and Caleño, 2020). Toxic activity is assessed when root growth is inhibited (Leite et al, 2015;Bolonhesi and Lopes, 2018), while cytotoxic activity is verified when mitotic index is inhibited (Mercado and Caleño, 2020;Mercado and Bayona, 2020). Genotoxicity is assessed through the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (Khan et al, 2020), while mutagenicity is evaluated through the micronucleus frequency (Silva et al, 2013).…”