Daily water demand

Abstract

This paper develops a model to characterize the demand for domestic water based on its end users' usage habits. The use of individual residential appliances (bathroom sink, toilet, shower, bath, etc.) is interpreted using a probabilistic approach. The paper also applies the model to the distribution network of the municipality of Sparanise, a small city in the province of Caserta, Italy. The results of this application are compared to the real output of the city's actual water reservoir. Flow variability during the day was successfully modelled. A comparison of the simulated and recorded data on a daily level indicates the proper adjustment of the volume distribution; the peak flow rates were also comparable. The model could be a useful tool for analyzing domestic water consumption, especially in the design and management of water distribution networks. Use of the model would particularly aid the Integrated Urban Water Management Operator both in optimizing the operating pressures in the various districts’ networks and in predicting domestic water consumption when drafting its water balance documents.

Analysis of monthly and daily profiles of DHW use in apartment blocks in Norway

“…Mostly due to the increased DHW use, the number of occupants have a substantial impact on the heat used in residential buildings [3]. The DHW use is modelled by considering the probabilistic use of appliances in apartments in [10]. A DHW modelling approach that is coupling information about behavioural activities, energy balance models and stochastic modelling is presented in [11].…”