Combined water treatment with extract of natural Moringa oleifera Lam and synthetic coagulant

Abstract

This study evaluated the efficiency of coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation and filtration processes using the combination of natural coagulant from Moringa oleifera Lam (MO) and synthetic coagulant aluminum polychloride (PAC) for water treatment. Raw water was obtained from the Pirapó River Basin, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil. Coagulation/flocculation and sedimentation assays were carried out in a Jar Test. A two-layer rapid filter filled with sand and anthracite was used in the filtration stage. Water quality and therefore the efficiency of the process were determined by means of the analysis of physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters, including the determination of floc size and zeta potential. The utilization of MO contributed to the reduction of the required demand of synthetic coagulant PAC. The association of coagulants, with 80%/20% or 60%/40% of MO/PAC, ensured an improvement of water quality parameters, such as apparent color, turbidity and UV254nm, as well as the possibility of water production with adequate potability standard. Tratamento de água combinado com extrato natural deMoringa oleifera Lam e coagulante sintético RESUMO O presente estudo consistiu em avaliar a eficiência dos processos de coagulação/floculação, sedimentação e filtração, utilizando a associação do coagulante natural obtido de Moringa oleifera Lam (MO) e do coagulante sintético policloreto de alumínio (PAC) para tratamento de água. Foi utilizada água bruta proveniente da bacia do Rio Pirapó, Maringá, PR, Brasil. Os ensaios de coagulação/floculação e sedimentação foram realizados em Jar Test. Na etapa de filtração utilizou-se um filtro rápido de camada dupla de areia e antracito. A Rev. Ambient. Água vol. 13 n. 3, e2135 -Taubaté 2018 2 Karina Cardoso Valverde et al.qualidade da água e a eficácia do processo foram avaliadas por meio da análise de parâmetros físicos, químicos e bacteriológicos, além da determinação do tamanho dos flocos e potencial zeta. A utilização da MO contribuiu para a redução da demanda requerida do coagulante sintético PAC. A associação dos coagulantes com 80%/20% ou 60%/40% de MO/PAC garantiram a melhoria dos parâmetros de qualidade, tais como cor aparente, turbidez e UV254nm, assim como a possibilidade de produção de água com o padrão de potabilidade adequado.Palavras-chave: Moringa oleifera Lam, policloreto de alumínio, tratamento convencional de água.

Application of Doses of Freeze-Dried Extract From Moringa Oleifera Seeds in Water Treatment

“…The application of 12 g/500 mL showed a lower efficiency of 45.33%; the other dosages, 18 and 24 g/500 mL, showed efficiency of 52.66 and 55.33%, respectively. A similar result was verified by Valverde et al (2018), when using higher proportions of moringa extract as a coagulant, which resulted in lower efficiencies of removing SILVA, S. N. et al According to Renault et al (2009), natural coagulants are more advantageous than inorganic compounds because they produce denser and more compact flakes, reduce the required inorganic coagulant dose and produce smaller amounts of sludge. This statement corroborates Mohamed et al (2015) when observing that freeze drying and extraction of moringa by using potassium chloride and nitrate decrease the optimal coagulant doses by 28 and 18%, respectively.…”

“…The reverse was observed by Santos et al (2013) in which the use of moringa seed in lower concentrations together with a filtration process resulted in high efficiencies of turbidity removal, whereas high concentrations, as observed by Lo Monaco et al (2012), are used in wastewater treatment, in which the turbidity values are significantly higher than in natural waters. Valverde et al (2018) when using higher proportions of moringa in the coagulation/ flocculation and sedimentation processes observed lower efficiencies for removing apparent color and turbidity.…”

Uso do coagulante/floculante emergente à base de moringa no tratamento de água com verificação da composição e toxicidade do lodo produzido: tratamento de água com Moringa e toxicidade do lodo

“…Por esse motivo, alguns biopolímeros vêm sendo investigados mais intensamente, como é o caso da Moringa oleifera (FRANCO et al, 2017;OTHMANI et al, 2020). Isso acontece devido a sua disponibilidade, baixo custo, não toxicidade, baixa produção de lodo e comportamento multifuncional (BHUPTAWAT et al, 2007;NWAIWU & LINGMU, 2011;MADRONA et al, 2012;DANTAS et al, 2016;TUKKI et al, 2016;VALVERDE et al, 2018).…”

Use of natural bio-sorbent in removing dye, heavy metal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from industrial wastewater

“…Moringa seed powder (MSP) is a natural coagulant and has antimicrobial properties and absorption capacity that have been tested over the years as an alternative to the use of inorganic and synthetic coagulants, antimicrobials and absorbents (Valverde et al 2018;Taiwo et al 2020). Moringa oleifera is a sustainable, low-cost, locally available, simple, reliable, acceptable, eco-friendly and householdlevel point of used water treatment coagulant/technology most suitable for developing countries .…”