Chemical analysis of rainfall and throughfall in the Tapajós National Forest, Belterra, Pará, Brazil

Abstract

The Tapajós National Forest (FLONA Tapajós) has 600,000 hectares of protected forest, and is situated 50 km south of the city of Santarém, Pará, Brazil, a port city of 250,000 inhabitants that is located at the confluence of the Tapajós and Amazon Rivers. There is a lot of farmland in the region, which offers many opportunities to study changes in land use. Selective wood harvesting is one type of land use that is particularly important to the economy of Santarém. Wet and dry deposition of organic material can be an important source of nutrients for plants, and this is especially true when the soil is poor, which is the case in Santarém-Belterra plateau region, the study area of this research. In this region, the natural atmospheric deposition of nutrients is often enhanced by the burning of biomass, which releases a large part of the above-ground biomass nutrients into the atmosphere. The objectives of this study were: 1-estimate the total wet deposition via direct precipitation and through the canopy, including dry deposition; 2-verify potential sources of nutrients found in the total wet deposition and dry deposition; and 3-investigate the effects of coverage vegetation on nutrient content in precipitation and throughfall. The study was conducted in FLONA Tapajós at km 67 of Santarém-Cuiabá Highway, south of the city of Santarém. The study area consisted of a portion of 100 x 100 m transects divided into 10 x 10 m plots. The area was located next to a meteorological tower 65 m tall that measures various climate parameters such as rainfall, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, temperature and humidity, among others. Direct precipitation (PD) and internal precipitation (IP) collectors consisted of 2 L polyethylene bottles with a 115 mm diameter funnel. Samples were collected weekly from April 2003 to March 2006. The volume of the sample was measured individually for each collector (25 traps for internal precipitation and 4 for direct precipitation). The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are: 1-the dry season has the highest variation Palavras-chave: ciclagem de nutrientes, floresta tropical, região amazônica.

Disturbance intensity is a stronger driver of biomass recovery than remaining tree‐community attributes in a managed Amazonian forest

“…The climate is tropical ( Am in the Köppen classification; Peel, Finlayson, & McMahon, ) with average annual rainfall of 2,000 mm and one dry season (August to November with a monthly rainfall <100 mm). The predominant soil type is a Dystrophic Yellow Latosol or Oxisol, with heavy clay texture, deep profile and low fertility (De Oliveira Junior et al., ). The vegetation is classified as ombrophilous dense forest.…”

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“…The alternatives of reuse of fish-processing residues are available for animal and human consumption, which can contribute to the establishment of a fishing sector committed to environmental issues (Alonso et al, 2010). It is also possible to use the residues for the production of collagen and antioxidant isolation for cosmetics, biogas/biodiesel, fertilizers, dietary applications (chitosan), food packaging (gelatin), enzyme isolation (proteases) (Arvanitoyannis and Kassaveti, 2008;Oliveira et al, 2015) and fishmeal, as the most common reuse alternative (Jayasinghe and Hawboldt, 2012;Jayasinghe and Hawboldt, 2013;Adeoti and Hawboldt, 2014;Lin and Li, 2009). The purpose of this improvement in the production process is to improve the performance of the market in response to the demand for new food products or as required by governing legislation (Bar, 2015).…”

Assessment of a subtropical riparian forest focusing on botanical, meteorological, ecological characterization and chemical analysis of rainwater

“…The marine enrichment factor (EFm) for the analyzed elements followed the sequence K + > Ca 2+ > SO4 ) in the atmosphere comes from natural sources such as the oxidation of dimethyl sulphide (CH3SCH3) emitted by ocean waters (Oliveira Junior et al, 2015). The EFm for this chemical compounds was low, reinforcing the indication of the presence of marine ions in rainwater samples (Oliveira Junior et al, 2015), especially in Caraá, where it was significantly larger.…”

“…The EFm for this chemical compounds was low, reinforcing the indication of the presence of marine ions in rainwater samples (Oliveira Junior et al, 2015), especially in Caraá, where it was significantly larger. This occurs, therefore, in the source of Rio dos Sinos, which is located approximately 32 km in a straight line from the Atlantic Ocean, confirming the influence of rainwater in these ions.…”