Occurrence of Dental Anomalies in Colombian Patients with Special Needs

Abstract

To determine the occurrence of dental anomalies in patients with special needs from Barranquilla, Colombia. Material and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 59 patients chosen at convenience for 6 months during the course of 2017. With prior approval by experts, an instrument that identified dental anomalies was applied, followed by an institutional clinical history, intraoral clinical examination and final evaluation of the study variables, with descriptive statistics. Results: With regards to age ranges, 25% of subjects were between 14 to 17 years, and 19% between 22 to 25 years. The average age was 14 (± 7.9). No cases were found in the age range of 26 to 29 years. In terms of gender, males predominated with 78%. The anomaly that predominated was fluorosis (50.8%), followed by agenesis (23.7%). The syndrome and / or disorder with the highest frequency of dental anomalies was mental retardation with 39%, followed by behavioral disorders (22%) Conclusion: The frequency of dental anomalies in patients with special needs was evidenced, showing higher prevalence of dental fluorosis in patients with mental retardation, and a higher incidence in males; in the patients with syndromes and / or disorders who were observed, there were a few oral findings unrelated to dental anomalies.

Prevalence of Malocclusions and Associated Factors inBrazilian Children and Adolescents with CerebralPalsy: A Multi-Institutional Study

“…ese high malocclusion frequencies can be explained by the fact that children with CP present high prevalence of motor dysfunction in orofacial muscles [7-11, 15, 19], nonnutritive sucking habits [11,12], and mouth breathing [7][8][9][10]19].…”

“…Malocclusion is one of the most frequent oral diseases in children and adolescents with CP, and the degree of mental impairment is directly proportional to the malocclusion severity [ 6 – 8 ]. Some studies have reported increased prevalence of malocclusion in subjects with CP when compared to population without this systemic condition [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Oral rehabilitation in a patient with Jeune syndrome presenting with multiple teeth agenesis

“…The oral hygiene of patients with special needs is deficient in most cases, 15 and this leads to higher caries risk and activity, as in the present case. It is also common for syndromic patients to present with dental anomalies, as tooth formation is an embryonic process, and therefore, developmental failures tend to have oral manifestations 11 . In this case, six permanent teeth had agenesis, and all second permanent molars had taurodontism, indicating the need for oral rehabilitation to restore masticatory, phonetic, and esthetic functions for agenesis and restoration and prevention of taurodontism, since the risk of pulp involvement in dental caries might be higher because of the enlarged pulp chamber volume.…”

“…JS may have oral manifestations, 11 and an early diagnosis is important. Establishing protocols for restorative and rehabilitative dental treatments is important for syndromic patients, as this population remains largely unassisted.…”