Antibacterial Effects of Cuminum cyminum Extract Against Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilms From Clinical Isolates

Abstract

Objective: To compare the antibacterial efficacy of Cuminum cyminum (cumin) extract and 2% chlorhexidine. Material and Methods: E. faecalis was isolated from non-vital teeth with chronic apical abscess. Samples were then bred in the ChromAgar medium. Subsequently, E. faecalis bacteria's DNA extraction was performed. DNA was then amplified by conventional PCR, and the product was run on an electrophoresis gel. Subsequently, we extracted Cuminum cyminum seeds using the steam distillation technique. The extract was diluted at various concentrations: 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.2 mg/mL. The extract's antibacterial effect was evaluated using an ELISA reader with optical density. Specifically, we assessed the turbidity of E. faecalis in biofilms following immersion in antibacterial agents. Results: In the clinically isolated E. faecalis group, the OD values of 0.7 and 1.0 mg/mL cumin extracts were significantly different from that of 0.2 mg/mL cumin extract. A significant difference was also observed between the OD values of 1.0 mg/mL cumin extract and 2% CHX (p<0.05). Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of 1.0 mg/mL Cuminum cyminum extract had higher efficiency than 2% chlorhexidine against E. faecalis biofilms from clinical isolates.

Out of control: The need for standardised solvent approaches and data reporting in antibiofilm assays incorporating dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO)

“…While pure DMSO was often used to prepare stock solutions of test substances, only final exposure concentrations were of interest and were almost always lower than stocks following dilution with bacterial suspensions in media [ [46] , [47] , [48] ] (Supplementary spreadsheet). However, in assays measuring degradation of preformed biofilms whereby test solutions were added to effectively dry, adhered bacterial cells after media was discarded, high (50–100%) final DMSO exposures occurred if stocks were applied undiluted [ 49 , 50 ] ( Table 1 ; Supplementary spreadsheet). Final DMSO exposure concentrations were directly specified or otherwise calculable based on information provided in methods in 66% of articles ( n = 50) ( Table 1 ).…”

“…Those that did not include relevant DMSO controls ( n = 38 articles) often used low concentrations (≤1% DMSO) to deliver treatments, which likely contributed to a reduced perceived need for a solvent control [ 47 , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] ]. Studies that used higher DMSO concentrations without solvent controls were more concerning [ 49 , 50 , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] ] as were studies that did not provide concentrations of DMSO used in treatments and did not include solvent controls [ 43 , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] ]. Media-only control-treated biofilms were frequently used in the calculations [ 50 , 56 , 57 , 78 , 79 ] although it is most appropriate to compare treatments delivered with DMSO to DMSO-only control-treated biofilms normalised to 100% growth as in [ 41 , [80] , [81] , [82] ].…”

Comparison of the push-out bond strength of AH Plus sealer to dentin after using different herbal irrigation solutions as the final rinse

“…Controversial data has been found in different studies about the antimicrobial effect of herbal irrigants. Two recent studies showed that cumin essential oil was a more potent antimicrobial agent compared to CHX against all groups of microorganisms [24,25]. Kangabam et al showed that cinnamon extracts can be an effective alternative to NaOCL [26].…”

“…Cuminum cyminum also has excellent antifungal [ 20 – 22 ] and analgesic properties [ 23 ]. Two recent studies showed that cumin essential oil was a more potent antimicrobial agent compared to CHX against aerobic bacterial mixture, anaerobic bacterial mixture and E. faecalis and related this antimicrobial activity to the presence of cumin aldehyde and other major components in the composition of this essential oil [ 24 , 25 ]. Kangabam et al showed that, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and chloroform extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum were found to be effective antibacterial agents against E. faecalis—both planktonic cells and 6 weeks biofilm formed on dentin substrate [ 26 ].…”