Dr Association of bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 with litter size in livestock: a review study

Abstract

. Litter size is one of the crucial factors in livestock production and is of high economic value, which is affected by ovulation rate, hormones, and growth factors. Growth factors play a multifaceted role in reproductive physiology. This review aims to investigate the association of bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) with litter size in livestock. The transforming growth factor β (TGF- β) superfamily includes more than 34 members; GDF9 and BMP15 are among the most significant factors for regulating fertility and litter size in most livestock species. Ovarian follicles release BMP15 and GDF9 that are involved in the maturation of primary follicles into the basal form, proliferation of granulosa and theca cells, steroidogenesis, ovulation, and formation of the corpus luteum. Besides, these factors are highly expressed in oocytes and are necessary for female fertility and multiple ovulation in several livestock species. Animals with two inactive copies of these factors are sterile, while those with one inactive copy are fertile. Thus, the present review provides valuable information on the association of BMP15 and GDF9 with litter size in livestock that can be used as biological markers of multiple ovulation or for improving fertility in livestock.

Association of melatonin receptor 1 A with litter size in sheep: A review

“… 7 However, no correlation between genotype and litter size was. 1 , 2 The ovulation rate, hormones, and growth factors all play a role in determining the litter size, which is one of the most important characteristics of fertility in animals. 3 , 4 …”

“…7 However, no correlation between genotype and litter size was. 1,2 The ovulation rate, hormones, and growth factors all play a role in determining the litter size, which is one of the most important characteristics of fertility in animals. 3,4 Mura et al 23 reported the use of RsaI and MnlI restriction enzyme digestion to identify T606C and A612G polymorphisms in the amplicons.…”

“…As a result of the increasing demand for livestock production, there is a growing need for animals that are able to reproduce larger litter size. 1 , 2 The ovulation rate, hormones, and growth factors all play a role in determining the litter size, which is one of the most important characteristics of fertility in animals. 3 , 4 …”

“…As a result of the increasing demand for livestock production, there is a growing need for animals that are able to reproduce larger litter size. 1,2 The ovulation rate, hormones, and growth factors all play a role in determining the litter size, which is one of the most important characteristics of fertility in animals. 3,4 It has been noted that in sheep breeds where estrous activity peaks during short days, variations in day length may function as a main factor determining seasonal variations in estrous activity.…”

The Relationship Between the Genetic Marker DIK20 and A Range of Physiological and Productive Traits in Holstein Cattle

“…There is also a link between the genetic marker DIK20 and mastitis, as it is a sign of the presence of mastitis in dairy cattle (Gupta et al, 2016). Ajafar et al(2022) reviewed the association of bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth differentiation factor 9 with litter size in livestock, indicating the potential of these genetic markers in improving fertility and productivity traits in livestock, suggesting that genetic polymorphisms related to fertility traits may have implications for overall productivity in sheep and goats. Furthermore, the genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous cattle breeds indicated moderate genetic differentiation among ecotypes (Bora et al, 2023).…”