Behavior of buffalo heifers reared in shaded and unshaded pastures during the dry season on Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil

Almeida, Jean Caio Figueiredo de; Joset, W. C. L.; Noronha, Rafaela de Paula Pachêco; Barbosa, Antônio Vinícius Corrêa; Júnior, J. de B. Lourenço; Silva, Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da

doi:10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.43088

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The direct incidence of radiation onto the animals contributes to the increase in BST and further raises AT. Studies conducted in the Amazon region confirm that this environment is conducive to causing thermal stress in buffaloes, especially in the afternoon, and that the use of shading, as in a silvipastoral system, would facilitate body heat dissipation (11,12). The maximum radiation value by deriving the equation was 1,639 MJ m −2 at 1:35 P.M.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Infrared Thermography to Assess Thermoregulatory Reactions of Female Buffaloes in a Humid Tropical Environment

et al. 2020

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This study employed infrared thermography to assess the thermoregulatory responses of female buffaloes reared in a hot and humid climate as a function of variations in time and the thermal environment, and to correlate rectal temperature with that of different body areas. The trial was carried out at Embrapa Eastern Amazon (01 • 26'S and 48 • 24'W) in Belém, PA, Brazil. Twenty-four female buffaloes fed exclusively on pasture and exposed to the sun throughout the day in an open area were used. The animals were taken back to the corral at 6 A.M., 9 A.M., 12 P.M., 3 P.M., 6 P.M., and 9 P.M. for measurements of rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), and body surface temperature (BST) using infrared thermography (IRT). Data on air temperature (AT), relative air humidity (RH), wind velocity (WV), and solar radiation (SR) were also recorded. A quadratic effect of AT, RH, SR, RR, and RT (P < 0.01) was found as a function of measurement time. Between 12 P.M. and 3 P.M., AT, SR, RR, and RT values were the highest, while RH values were the lowest (P < 0.05). WV was the highest between 12 P.M. and 9 P.M. A difference was found in RR and RT among the day's times, with the highest values at 12 P.M. and 3 P.M. (P<0.05). The IRTs have a quadratic effect as a function of day's times, with the highest levels between 12 P.M. and 6 P.M. and a reduction at 9 P.M. All IRTs are correlated with the physiological variables RR and RT, except for the IRT of the side of the back, which is not correlated with RT. The IRTs of the eye and cheek are correlated with RT (P < 0.01) and with RR (P < 0.05). IRT was efficient in evaluating the thermal stress of female buffaloes in hot and humid climates, and the technique can be used to evaluate the body temperature of these animals, since the RT was positively correlated with the temperature of the eye and cheek.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Infrared Thermography to Assess Thermoregulatory Reactions of Female Buffaloes in a Humid Tropical Environment

et al. 2020

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“…This was expected based on the literature concerning the preference for shade in other animals. Horses, cattle, water buffaloes, and pigs have a preference for shade [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 19 , 21 ]. Even though camelids have a higher range for thermoneutrality, they also suffer from heat stress [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, shade permitted greater expression of natural behaviors in horses. Similarly, in dry conditions, shade was found to have a positive effect on the behavior of water buffaloes, which spent more time grazing and ruminating when allotted in shaded paddocks than in unshaded ones [ 18 ]. The presence and amount of shade were proven to affect cow behavior too [ 13 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is considerable evidence that shade prevents the deleterious effects of heat stress on health and production in domestic livestock [ 20 , 21 ], and that cattle, horses, buffaloes, and pigs prefer shaded areas [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 18 , 19 , 21 ]. This evidence has been useful for implementing a number of Code of Practices for farm animal welfare [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] and shade is currently recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Terrestrial Animal Health Code [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Camels (Camelus dromedarius) Need Shaded Areas? A Case Study of the Camel Market in Doha

Zappaterra

Menchetti

Costa

et al. 2021

Animals

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This study aimed at documenting whether dromedary camels have a preference for shade and how their behavior would change depending on the presence of shade and variable space allowance. A total of 421 animals kept in 76 pens (66 with shelter (Group 1), and 10 without shelter (Group 2)) at the camel market in Doha (Qatar) were recorded for 1 min around 11:00 a.m. when the temperature was above 40 °C. The number of animals in the sun and shade and their behaviors were analyzed using an ad libitum sampling method and an ad hoc ethogram. The results of a chi-square test indicated that camels in Group 1 had a clear preference for shade (p < 0.001). The majority of Group 1 camels were indeed observed in the shade (312/421; 74.11%). These camels spent more time in recumbency and ruminating, while standing, walking, and self-grooming were more commonly expressed by the camels in the sun (p < 0.001). Moreover, locomotory stereotypic behaviors (i.e., pacing) increased as space allowance decreased (p = 0.002). Based on the findings of this pilot study, camels demonstrated a preference for shade; shade seemed to promote positive welfare, while overcrowding seemed to trigger stereotypy and poor welfare. Overall, our preliminary results are novel and provide evidence that shaded areas are of paramount importance for camel welfare. Further research, involving designed studies at multiple locations is needed to confirm these results.

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“…Buffaloes reared in Amazon produce beef and milk, and provide labor for farmers (ALMEIDA et al 2019). Although buffalos reached satisfactory performance indices due to their capacity for adaptation to different environments (DAMÉ et al, 2013), under thermal stress, buffaloes change their physiological and behavioral reactions (GARCIA, 2013), because of their inability to cope with heat due to strong melanin concentration in the skin and hair, low number of sweat glands, and extremely thick epidermis, which reduce skin evaporation capacity ( GUDEV et al, 2007) Thus, environmental variables have a direct influence over the animals' regulating mechanism, possibly affecting growth, reproduction, and disease resistance (ALMEIDA et al, 2011;AHIRWA et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silvopastoral System Mitigates the Thermal Stress and Benefits Water Buffaloes’ Comfort in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

Santos

Silva

Araújo

et al. 2020

JAS

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Twenty female Murrah buffaloes between four and five years old were randomly distributed into two groups (traditional system - TS and silvopastoral system - SPS) with 10 animals each and an average weight of 377.78 kg and 356.10 kg, respectively, for the TS and the SPS. The TS had a management regime with no canopy cover and no shade coverage over the drinking and feeding troughs. In the SPS, Racosperma mangium (Fabaceae) trees were used to provide shade, with an estimated 10% shading. The physiological variables studied were rectal temperature and respiratory frequency measured every three days from 6 to 7 AM and from 12 to 1 PM. The following environmental indices were calculated: Temperature Humidity Index (THI), Black Globe Humidity Comfort Index (BGHI), and Benezra’s Index of Adaptability (BIA). The THI values were high in both management systems, between 76.27 and 86.73, higher than the limit of comfort level for buffaloes, which is 75. The maximum values of BGHI for the afternoon were 92.0 and 87.62, for TS and SPS, respectively, and the maximum values of BIA for the afternoon were 4.4 and 3.8, for TS and SPS respectively, which were higher than the critical level of adaptability and represented an uncomfortable condition that causes a reduction in animal performance. It was concluded that the silvopastoral management system is more efficient in terms of animal comfort for the female buffaloes as a result of the shade that provides a more amenable microclimate.

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Behavior of buffalo heifers reared in shaded and unshaded pastures during the dry season on Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Infrared Thermography to Assess Thermoregulatory Reactions of Female Buffaloes in a Humid Tropical Environment

Infrared Thermography to Assess Thermoregulatory Reactions of Female Buffaloes in a Humid Tropical Environment

Do Camels (Camelus dromedarius) Need Shaded Areas? A Case Study of the Camel Market in Doha

Silvopastoral System Mitigates the Thermal Stress and Benefits Water Buffaloes’ Comfort in the Eastern Amazon, Brazil

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