<b>Chemical composition of grains from glyphosate-resistant soybean and its conventional parent under different edaphoclimatic conditions in Brazil

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Glyphosate-tolerant (Roundup Ready ® , RR) soybean is the most widely cultivated genetically modified crop in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a long-term field experiment, the chemical composition of grains in a pair of cultivars composed of the conventional parent (BRS 133) and the nearly isogenic transgenic (BRS 245RR) soybean. Plants were cropped under two different edaphoclimatic conditions in Brazil. The experiments began during the 2003/2004 growing season; samples were collected during the 2011/2012 harvest. Were quantified the contents of isoflavones (high performance liquid chromatography), fatty acids (gas chromatography), lipid and proteins (near infrared spectroscopy in the NIR -Near Infrared Reflectance) and minerals (atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry). All samples were analyzed in three replications. Major differences were observed between the two cultivation locations. In Ponta Grossa, which has lower temperatures and higher rainfall during the grain filling period, the contents of lipids and isoflavones were higher. In Londrina, which hassoil with higher fertility, the contents of minerals, proteins and carbohydrates in soybean grains were higher. Significant differences were observed between the cultivars. The conventional parent had higher protein contents and lower lipid contents. The transgenic soybean line had higher isoflavone contents.Keywords: Glycine max, transgenic soybean crop, isoflavones, fatty acids, macro and micro minerals.Composição química de grãos de soja resistente ao glifosato e sua respectiva parental convencional em diferentes condições edafoclimáticas do Brasil RESUMO. A soja resistente ao glifosato (Roundup Ready ® , RR) representa a principal cultura geneticamente modificada (GM) cultivada no mundo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, em um experimento de campo de longa duração, a composição química dos grãos das cultivares de soja parental convencional (BRS 133) e sua respectiva transgênica quase isogênica (BRS 245RR). Os experimentos foram realizados em duas condições edafoclimáticas distintas e tiveram início em 2003/2004 e as amostras foram coletadas na safra 2011/2012. Foram quantificados os teores de isoflavonas (cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência), ácidos graxos (cromatografia em fase gasosa), lipídeos e proteínas (espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo na NIR -refletância de infravermelho próximo) e minerais (espectrofotometria de absorção atômica de chama). Todas as amostras foram analisadas em triplicata. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os locais de cultivo. Em Ponta Grossa, que possui temperaturas menores e maior precipitação durante o enchimento de grãos, o conteúdo de lipídeos e isoflavonas foram maiores. Em Londrina, com solo de maior fertilidade, o conteúdo de minerais, proteínas e carboidratos foram maiores. Diferenças significativas foram associadas ao transgene RR. A cultivar BRS 133 apresentou maiores teores de proteínas e a BRS 245 RR maiores teores de lipídeos e isoflavonas.Palavras-chav...

Comparison of Compositions of Imported Genetically Modified and Organic Soybeans Purchased from Taiwan Market

“…Under the different edaphoclimatic conditions, there are major differences observed between two cultivation locations. The conventional soybeans showed significantly higher protein contents and lower lipid contents, and the genetically modified soybeans showed significantly higher isoflavone contents [25]. Although significant differences in composition were found between the 2016GM and the 2016OS soybean samples, the contents were all within the range of reference values.…”

Study of Thermoplastic Extrusion and Its Impact on the Chemical and Nutritional Characteristics and Two Sorghum Genotypes SC 319 and BRS 332

“…The use of sorghum was beneficial because it allowed for a significant increase of phenolic compounds in all of the fractions. For extractible phenolic compounds, this increase was 39.40% (SC 319) and 48.22% (BRS 332); for bonded phenolic compounds, 19.94% (SC 319) and 22.52% (BRS 332), and for total phenolic compounds, 35.09% (SC 319) and 41.87% (BRS 332), in comparison to raw samples. The increases can be assigned to extrusion performed in low moisture products (< 15%) that generate high shearing rates; and these, in combination with high temperatures and screws high rotation speed, break the food matrices' cell wall more intensely, resulting in depolymerization of condensed tannins and liberation of other combined phytochemicals.…”

“…32 The values observed for the extruded samples of both genotypes, SC 319 and BRS 332, are in agreement with other studies, such as those from Arbex et al 33 and Lopes et al 34 where sorghum grains were extruded in relation to carbohydrates (71.04 and 58.16%), proteins (11.26 and 12.20%), lipids (0.41 and 2.30%), ashes (1.87 and 1.38%) and fibers (8.84 and 14.59%), and the differences were attributed to the different genotypes of the studies and climatic conditions that interfere with nutrient deposition. 35 The nutritional characteristics of the evaluated sorghum genotypes resemble the most traditional cereals, like corn, wheat and rice. 36,37 The inclusion of those cereals in human nutrition is of great interest, especially the extruded ones, that present greater availability of proteins and provide better starch and protein digestibility.…”