The effects of soil fumigation on the growth and mineral nutrition of weeds and crops

Santos, Edson Aparecido dos; Ferreira, Lino Roberto; Costa, Maurício Dutra; Santos, José Barbosa dos; Silva, Marliane de Cássia Soares da; Aspiazú, Ignácio

doi:10.4025/actasciagron.v34i2.12971

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Miller & Menalled, ). Weeds have a higher dependence on microbial associations compared to crops (Massenssini et al., ; Santos et al., ) and domestication of wild plants is thought to have disrupted the mutualistic associations linking beneficial microbes with roots (Pérez‐Jaramillo et al., ). Yet, even though we experimentally controlled for phylogeny, crops and weeds created the same PSF effect on tomato.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distantly related crops are not better rotation partners for tomato

Ingerslew

Kaplan

2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Although crop rotation has been used for centuries to enhance agricultural production, there are surprisingly little data justifying the use of one rotation over another. Growers typically avoid growing plants in succession that belong to the same genus or family, but it is not clear whether closely related crops are indeed poor rotation partners and whether evolutionary history, overall, predicts legacy effects in agricultural soils. Here, we use a plant–soil feedback framework to test the relationship between species relatedness and crop growth. Using tomato Solanum lycopersicum as our focal crop, we determined how 36 common crop and weed species that vary along a spectrum of phylogenetic relatedness influence tomato growth in subsequent plantings. We also tested whether soil conditioning affects the performance of an above‐ground insect herbivore, the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. Phylogenetic relatedness did not predict plant–soil feedback effects on tomato biomass or hornworm performance; rather, impacts of soil conditioning were highly species‐ or family‐specific. For example, tomatoes growing in soil previously containing plants in the Asteraceae family were notably resistant to caterpillar feeding. There was also a disconnect between which plant species caused negative feedbacks on tomatoes vs. hornworms (e.g. thistle Cirsium discolor soil had strong negative effects on herbivory but no impact on plant growth). Hence, negative feedbacks on hornworms are likely due to enhanced defence instead of simply reducing leaf availability. Synthesis and applications. These data demonstrate that, despite being widely recommended by agronomists in most cropping systems, phylogenetic relatedness is a poor predictor for the success of crop pairings in rotation, especially in tomato. Better understanding of species‐specific effects of soil conditioning will lend insight into how polycultures can be better designed to optimize crop growth while reducing susceptibility to insect pests, which is particularly useful on diversified farms that cultivate a variety of crop species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distantly related crops are not better rotation partners for tomato

Ingerslew

Kaplan

2018

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…In another study, Santos et al . () investigated eight weed and two crop species and reported a greater dependence of weeds on soil microorganisms than crops. Despite these few studies, there is still a lack of knowledge on weed‐microbe interactions and differences to crop‐microbe interactions, especially when they grow in close vicinity, as it is the case in agricultural soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Shared and host‐specific microbiome diversity and functioning of grapevine and accompanying weed plants

Samad

Trognitz

Compant

et al. 2017

Environmental Microbiology

107

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Weeds and crop plants select their microbiota from the same pool of soil microorganisms, however, the ecology of weed microbiomes is poorly understood. We analysed the microbiomes associated with roots and rhizospheres of grapevine and four weed species (Lamium amplexicaule L., Veronica arvensis L., Lepidium draba L. and Stellaria media L.) growing in proximity in the same vineyard using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We also isolated and characterized 500 rhizobacteria and root endophytes from L. draba and grapevine. Microbiome data analysis revealed that all plants hosted significantly different microbiomes in the rhizosphere as well as in root compartment, however, differences were more pronounced in the root compartment. The shared microbiome of grapevine and the four weed species contained 145 OTUs (54.2%) in the rhizosphere, but only nine OTUs (13.2%) in the root compartment. Seven OTUs (12.3%) were shared in all plants and compartments. Approximately 56% of the major OTUs (>1%) showed more than 98% identity to bacteria isolated in this study. Moreover, weed-associated bacteria generally showed a higher species richness in the rhizosphere, whereas the root-associated bacteria were more diverse in the perennial plants grapevine and L. draba. Overall, weed isolates showed more plant growth-promoting characteristics compared with grapevine isolates.

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“…Weeds had higher microbial biomass than corn in the SF soil (Table 2), indicating their greater dependence on soil microbes. This fact was also reported by Santos et al (2012), who evaluated the growth and accumulation of macro-and micronutrients in eight weeds and in corn and beans grown in fumigated and non-fumigated soil; they noted that bean and corn crops were less affected by soil sterilization than weeds, thus suggesting a possible dependence of the latter to edaphic microorganisms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Microbial activity of soil cultivated with corn in association with weeds under different fertility management systems

Melo¹,

Fialho²,

Faria³

et al. 2014

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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1Interactions between weeds and soil microorganisms can give them a competitive advantage over crops. This study assessed the biomass and microbial activity of soil cultivated with weeds and corn (Zea mays L.) in monoculture and in competition under different fertility management systems. The experiment considered four soil fertility management systems (calcium and magnesium silicate + fertilization; limestone + fertilization; no correction source + fertilization; no correction source + no fertilization) and 12 crops (five competition arrangements between corn and weeds Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster, Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O'Donell, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist, Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., and Bidens pilosa L. plus the six species in monoculture and bare soil. After 60 d coexisting in a greenhouse, soil samples were collected to determine microbial biomass, respiration rate, and metabolic quotient. Soils cultivated with B. pilosa and Z. mays+U. brizantha showed higher microbial biomass. Cultivation of B. pilosa and Z. mays+H. suaveolens provided greater energy efficiency to maintain microbial cells. Biomass and microbial activity were altered by plant species, coexistence, and soil fertility management. Calcium and magnesium silicate, as well as limestone similarly influenced biomass and respiration rate of soil cultivated with most species. For some crops, the Si source was better than limestone to promote lower specific activity of the edaphic microbiota. The change in the microbial activity of soil can be a strategy used by the species to minimize the effects of competition.

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The effects of soil fumigation on the growth and mineral nutrition of weeds and crops

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Distantly related crops are not better rotation partners for tomato

Distantly related crops are not better rotation partners for tomato

Shared and host‐specific microbiome diversity and functioning of grapevine and accompanying weed plants

Microbial activity of soil cultivated with corn in association with weeds under different fertility management systems

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