Electrophysiological investigation of the functional overlap between semantic and equivalence relations.

Bortoloti, Renato; Pimentel, Naiene dos Santos; Rose, Júlio C. de

doi:10.3922/j.psns.2014.015

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…While this sorting test documented the formation of stimulus classes, the classes may not have been equivalence classes because only an indeterminate subset of all of the derived relations was presented in the sorting test (but see Bortoloti et al 2014;McIlvane and Dube 1990). This interpretive option was evaluated by the subsequent administration of the MTS-2a and MTS-2b tests of derived relations, which contained all baseline, symmetry, transitivity, and equivalence relations from the classes.…”

Section: Btbr^=training Of Baseline Relations;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorting: An Alternative Measure of Class Formation?

2015

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In initial sorting tests, 16 participants did not assign stimuli to experimenter-defined classes. Then, the baseline relations for 5-member equivalence classes were trained using matching-to-sample (MTS) trials. Follow-up MTS tests assessed class formation. Regardless of outcome, another sorting test assessed delayed class formation if classes had not formed or class-maintenance if classes emerged during the MTS test. Classes were not formed by 11 participants, emerged on a long-delayed basis in the sorting test for 2, emerged on a delayed basis in the first MTS test for 2 others, and emerged immediately in the MTS test for 3 others. The latter three participants then attempted to form new equivalence classes. After baseline training, emergence was assessed with a sorting test administered immediately thereafter, and was followed serially with an MTS and final sorting test. Responding in the first sorting tests demonstrated the immediate emergence of the stimulus classes for these participants. The MTS test results implied that the classes that emerged in the sorting test were actually equivalence classes. For the two participants who showed delayed class formation, class integrity was maintained during the follow-up sorting and MTS tests. Two other participants showed class formation in the last and final sorting test. The remaining nine did not show class formation. Because the sorting tests were completed 90 % faster than MTS tests, they provided a quick and reliable alternative to MTS tests for the tracking of class formation.

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Section: Btbr^=training Of Baseline Relations;mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorting: An Alternative Measure of Class Formation?

2015

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“…Guinther and Dougher used English words, with training conducted to build equivalence classes non-related to the semantic meaning of the words, that is, the semantic relations between the words were constructed in the study, by virtue of their acquired equivalence relations. When meaningless stimuli such as nonrepresentational pictures or nonsense words are used in equivalence studies, these stimuli become semantically related, as documented by several different measures (Barnes-Holmes et al, 2005;Bortoloti & de Rose, 2011bBortoloti et al, 2014;Haimson et al, 2009). Equivalent stimuli, even when they are meaningless before the study, may substitute one another and acquire a similar meaning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…stimulus are also exhibited by equivalent stimuli (de Rose, McIlvane, Dube, & Stoddard, 1988;Dougher, Augustson, Markham, Greenway, & Wulfert, 1994;Fields, Arntzen, Nartey, & Eilifsen, 2012). Actually, different methods converge to indicate that equivalent stimuli are related in meaning: they are rated similarly in Semantic Differential instruments (Bortoloti & de Rose, 2011a;Bortoloti, Rodrigues, Cortez, Pimentel, & de Rose, 2013;de Almeida, Bortoloti, Ferreira, Schelini, & de Rose, 2014;Perez, de Almeida, & de Rose, 2015), they prime each other in a semantic priming paradigm (Barnes-Holmes et al, 2005;Bortoloti & de Rose, 2011b), and they produce N400 effect in electrophysiological measures (Amd, Barnes-Holmes, & Ivanoff, 2013;Barnes-Holmes et al, 2005;Bortoloti, Pimentel, & de Rose, 2014;Haimson, Wilkinson, Rosenquist, Ouimet, & McIlvane, 2009;Tabullo, Yorio, Zanutto, & Wainselboim, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Failure to Produce False Memories Through the Stimulus Equivalence Paradigm

Aggio

Rose

2018

Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)

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Stimulus equivalence has been adopted as a behavioral explanation for false memories. The present study aimed to test false memories using lists compound of equivalent stimuli. 10 undergraduate students learned three 4-member (Classes 1, 2, 3) and three 12-member equivalence classes (Classes 4, 5, 6). A week later these participants performed a recognition test. Participants first saw a study list comprising 10 of the 12 stimuli from Classes 4, 5 and 6. Later, they saw a list comprising all stimuli from study list (targets), the remaining stimuli from the Classes 4, 5 and 6 (critical lures) and nine stimuli from Classes 1, 2 and 3 (non-related lures). Due to the equivalence relation between targets and critical lure, it was expected that the second would be recognize as much as the first, but results indicated critical and non-related lures where equally recognized and at low levels.

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“…Eleven participants chose B1, five chose B2, and four chose B3 indicating that the participants here treated bottle B2 and B3 as similar. Overtraining have been seen to increase the strength of equivalence classes (Bortoloti, Pimentel, & de Rose, 2014;Travis, Fields, & Arntzen, 2014) and also measured by ToF (Bortoloti, Rodrigues, Cortez, Pimentel, & De Rose, 2013). Thus, overtraining could increase the differences between B2 and B3 choices.…”

Section: Choice Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring of Painful Stimuli Used for Exploring Transfer of Function

Eilertsen

Arntzen

2020

Psychol Rec

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Fifteen college students rated the degree of painfulness of six images showing needle injections to different parts of a human hand. The images were rated on a scale ranging from 1 (not painful) to 5 (severely painful). Next, the participants were trained six conditional discriminations with abstract shapes as stimuli and tested for the formation of three 3-member equivalence classes in a one-to-many (OTM) training structure (AB/AC). The test for emergent relations were followed by training a novel set of stimuli (D) to the A stimuli. The needle injection images rated with the highest and lowest perceived degree of painfulness were used as stimulus D1 and D2, respectively. An image where the needle was replaced with a Q tip was used as stimulus D3 and assumed to be perceived as not painful. The DA training was followed by a matching-to-sample (MTS) test for the formation of three 4member classes, and the participants were asked to choose one out of three identical bottles with water labelled with the B stimuli. Finally, the participants were asked to rate the degree of painfulness of the B stimuli. The main findings were that the B and D stimuli were not rated significantly different, indicating a transfer of function in the ratings from D to B stimuli. In addition, participants avoided choosing bottle B1 over B2 and B3, but they did not differentiate between B2 and B3.

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Electrophysiological investigation of the functional overlap between semantic and equivalence relations.

Cited by 28 publications

References 41 publications

Sorting: An Alternative Measure of Class Formation?

Sorting: An Alternative Measure of Class Formation?

Failure to Produce False Memories Through the Stimulus Equivalence Paradigm

Tailoring of Painful Stimuli Used for Exploring Transfer of Function

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