Tryptophan diet reduces aggressive behavior in male mice.

Walz, Julio Cesar; Stertz, Laura; Fijtman, Adam; Santos, Bárbara Tietbohl Martins Quadros dos; Almeida, Rosa M. M. de

doi:10.3922/j.psns.2013.3.18

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…About behaviour, an increase in dietary protein has been generally associated with an increase in dominance or territorial aggressions towards other individuals, as found in other species such as dogs (deNapoli et al, 2000), mice (Walz et al, 2013), laying hens (Van Krimpen et al, 2005). An explanation for the increase in activity may be obtained in the greater large neutral amino acids/tryptophan (LNAA/Trp) ratio generally found in diets with a CP enrichment; these diets tend to increase the protein percentage by introducing amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and valine, that compete with free plasma tryptophan for the binding sites of carrier proteins in the blood-brain barrier (Grimmett and Sillence, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of behaviour in stabled draught horse foals fed diets with two protein levels

Sartori

Guzzo

Normando

et al. 2017

Animal

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The present work is aimed at evaluating the behaviour of Italian Heavy Draught Horse (IHDH) foals reared in semi-covered stables and fed two isoenergetic total mixed rations with different dietary protein levels (13.2% and 10.6% of CP on dry matter). The study was prompted by the restrictions for nitrate emissions in farms of the European Nitrate Directive. One suggested solution is to reduce dietary protein while maintaining normal performance and welfare, but there is a lack of literature in studies of horses. The behaviours of 20 foals of 437 ± 60 kg of BW, aged 379 ± 37 days and stabled in four pens by sex (S) and diet (D) were video recorded and analysed to build a suitable ethogram including 18 behaviours in six categories: ingestion, resting, maintenance, movement, social activities, other. The percentage of the daily time spent in each behavioural category and single behaviours was analysed via a single traits GLM including S, D and their interaction. Daily activity was consistent with existing literature: foals spent about 33% of the day in ingestion activities and 41% in resting, whereas social interactions constituted 8% of the time and individual maintenance <2%. Concerning diet, foals fed high protein spent more time in movement (19.62 ± 0.73% of day v. 10.45 ± 0.73% in low-protein (LP) foals; P ⩽ 0.001), whereas the LP group increased resting (43.42 ± 1.12% v. 38.02 ± 1.12%; P ⩽ 0.001). No stereotypies were found, and daily activity followed the typical values for draught breeds for foals in both dietary groups, a result that suggests the maintenance of well-being after dietary protein reduction. This result, together with the findings of a companion study showing no changes in growth performances of foals, showed that a reduction of CP in foal diet is reconcilable with the maintenance of performance and welfare.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Evaluation of behaviour in stabled draught horse foals fed diets with two protein levels

Sartori

Guzzo

Normando

et al. 2017

Animal

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“…Aggression may be related to the reduction of plasma Trp [ 188 ]. In nursery piglets, weaned piglets, male mice, chick and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), appropriate dietary l -Trp supplementation can suppress aggressive behavior [ 170 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 ]. However, in other studies, high or surplus dietary l -Trp additions did not effectively reduce aggression and associated stress in young growing pigs or sows [ 193 , 194 ].…”

Section: Factors Influencing Trp Metabolism and Os During Pregnancmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Properties of Tryptophan Metabolism and the Concept of Tryptophan Use in Pregnancy

Liu

Bai

et al. 2017

IJMS

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During pregnancy, tryptophan (Trp) is required for several purposes, and Trp metabolism varies over time in the mother and fetus. Increased oxidative stress (OS) with high metabolic, energy and oxygen demands during normal pregnancy or in pregnancy-associated disorders has been reported. Taking the antioxidant properties of Trp and its metabolites into consideration, we made four hypotheses. First, the use of Trp and its metabolites is optional based on their antioxidant properties during pregnancy. Second, dynamic Trp metabolism is an accommodation mechanism in response to OS. Third, regulation of Trp metabolism could be used to control/attenuate OS according to variations in Trp metabolism during pregnancy. Fourth, OS-mediated injury could be alleviated by regulation of Trp metabolism in pregnancy-associated disorders. Future studies in normal/abnormal pregnancies and in associated disorders should include measurements of free Trp, total Trp, Trp metabolites, and activities of Trp-degrading enzymes in plasma. Abnormal pregnancies and some associated disorders may be associated with disordered Trp metabolism related to OS. Mounting evidence suggests that the investigation of the use of Trp and its metabolites in pregnancy will be meanful.

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“…Once evening falls, within sympathetic nerves, the heightened norepinephrine secretion of the pineal gland makes it possible for this type of serotonin to become accessible to metabolism and a similar major N-acetyltransferase activation, determines a great part of the serotonin to be metabolized through melatonin conversion. There is little information referring to possible effects of pineal gland tryptophan level changes on the melatonin synthesis (Walz et al, 2013).…”

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each amino acid level in the brain will depend not only on its plasma level, but also on the plasma level of other amino-acids it competes with at the hematoencephalic barrier (Walz et al, 2013).…”

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Dog Feeding on their Aggressiveness

Andrea¹

2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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Inside the organism, serotonin is obtained through tryptophan hydroxylation and decarboxylation, and direct tryptophan decarboxylation leads to tryptamine (Figure 2) (De Research ArticleAbstract | The current study aimed to determine the serum serotonin in 10 dogs, separated in two different emotional states (calm, aggressive). According to the specialty literature, at the aggressiveness moment, the serotonin value drops. The aggressiveness manifestation in dogs is induced by several factors, among which feed occupies a special role, hypo-hyper-protean ratios influencing the behaviour. The results indicate that individuals fed with hyper-protean ratios presented lower serotonin values as compared to dogs receiving hypo-protean ratios.

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Tryptophan diet reduces aggressive behavior in male mice.

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Evaluation of behaviour in stabled draught horse foals fed diets with two protein levels

Evaluation of behaviour in stabled draught horse foals fed diets with two protein levels

Redox Properties of Tryptophan Metabolism and the Concept of Tryptophan Use in Pregnancy

The Impact of Dog Feeding on their Aggressiveness

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