Ultra-Processed Foods Consumption and Cardiovascular Health

Abstract

Ultra-processed foods, as defined by the NOVA classification, are industrial formulations made from substances extracted or derived from food, containing little to no whole food in their composition. These foods are typically enhanced with flavorings, colorings, emulsifiers, and other additives that alter the sensory attributes of the final product. The ingredients and processes used in the ultra-processed foods manufacture aim to create low-cost, hyper-palatable, and convenient products that have the potential to replace fresh or minimally processed foods. 1 Ultra-processed foods already constitute more than half of the total dietary energy consumed in high-income countries like USA, 2 and between one-fifth and one-third in middle-income countries such as Brazil. 3 These foods are not 'real food' and they are typically high in energy density, sugar, unhealthy fats, and salt, but low in dietary fiber, protein, vitamins, and minerals.