COVID-19 pandemic and mechanical ventilation: facing the present, designing the future

Holanda, Marcelo Alcantara; Pinheiro, Bruno Valle

doi:10.36416/1806-3756/e20200282

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It can provide protective ventilation and gas exchange similar to a traditional mechanical ventilator under conditions of impaired lung function. Since this was the last test specified in the CMFCC protocol [ 18 ], after completion, this council issued a final report of overall approval.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are situations that generate confusion and hence risk situations even to the most experienced RTs. According to recent studies [ 16 – 18 ], the main directions in the future development of mechanical ventilators are as follows: Mechanical ventilators should maintain their functionality and capabilities or even increase them, but personnel with less experience and training should be able to operate them safely as well. This requires adding intelligent and real-time processing of the ventilator output signals to help guide the operator through situations that arise than can be confusing for the nonexpert.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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VEMERS 2.0: Upgrading of an Emergency Use Ventilator from a Single Mandatory Volume Control Mode of Ventilation (VEMERS 1.0) to 8 Modes of Ventilation

Chiang

Castro

Sanchez

2022

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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The upgrading of an emergency use ventilator from a single mandatory volume control mode of ventilation (VEMERS 1.0) to 8 modes of ventilation (VEMERS 2.0) is described. The original VEMERS 1.0 was developed in the midst of the COVID-19 crisis in Chile (April to August 2020) following special but nonetheless strict guidelines specified by local medical associations and national health and scientific ministries. The upgrade to 8 modes of ventilation in VEMERS 2.0 was made possible with minor but transcendental changes to the original architecture. The main contribution of this research is that starting from a functional block diagram of an ICU mechanical ventilator and carrying a systematic analysis, the main function blocks are implemented in such a way that combinations of standard off-the-shelf pneumatic and electronic components can be used. This approach has both economical and technical advantages. No special parts need to be fabricated at all, and because of a wider variety of options, the use of extensively field-proven off-the-shelf commercial components assures better availability and lower costs when compared to that of conventional ICU mechanical ventilators, without sacrificing reliability. Given the promising results obtained with VEMERS 2.0 in the subsequent national certification process, the production of 40 VEMERS 2.0 units was sponsored by the Ministry of Science and the Ministry of Economy. Twenty units have been distributed among hospitals along the country. The purpose of VEMERS 2.0, as a low-cost but very reliable option, is to increase the number of mechanical ventilators available (3,000 for a population of 18,000,000) in the country to eventually reach a ratio similar to that of more developed countries. VEMERS is an open-source project for others to use the knowledge gained.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VEMERS 2.0: Upgrading of an Emergency Use Ventilator from a Single Mandatory Volume Control Mode of Ventilation (VEMERS 1.0) to 8 Modes of Ventilation

Chiang

Castro

Sanchez

2022

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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“…Along with these advances, the number of different mechanical ventilator modes makes the process of maintaining and managing such equipment more difficult, mainly in acquiring components and materials on the international market [ 50 ]. Thus, efforts to restore old and inoperative ventilators, as well as portable ones and those used in anesthesiology [ 51 ], became a key factor for the success of the planned strategy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collaborative and Structured Network for Maintenance of Mechanical Ventilators during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Brazil has grown rapidly since the first case was reported on 26 February 2020. As the pandemic has spread, the low availability of medical equipment has increased, especially mechanical ventilators. The Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) claimed to have only 40,508 mechanical ventilators, which would be insufficient to support the Brazilian population at the pandemic peak. This lack of ventilators, especially in public hospitals, required quick, assertive, and effective actions to minimize the health crisis. This work provides an overview of the rapid deployment of a network for maintaining disused mechanical ventilators in public and private healthcare units in some regions of Brazil during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Data referring to the processes of maintaining equipment, acquiring parts, and conducting national and international training were collected and analyzed. In total, 4047 ventilators were received by the maintenance sites, and 2516 ventilators were successfully repaired and returned to the healthcare units, which represents a success rate of 62.17%. The results show that the maintenance initiative directly impacted the availability and reliability of the equipment, allowing access to ventilators in the public and private health system and increasing the capacity of beds during the pandemic.

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“…Mais de 50 milhões de pessoas foram contaminadas pelo vírus e, até o momento, mais de 1 milhão de óbitos foram confirmados em todo mundo. (1) No Brasil, a COVID-19 impactou fortemente com elevado número de casos, sendo o terceiro país com maior número de vítimas (2) ; o mais grave é que não há perspectivas de resolução imediata, podendo o Brasil enfrentar uma segunda onda da infecção, como já acontece em vários países do mundo. (3) A infecção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 causa a COVID-19, cujo espectro clínico varia de pacientes assintomáticos a quadros gripais, com sintomas como febre, fadiga, tosse seca e dispneia.…”

Section: Ao Editorunclassified

“…More than 50 million people have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, and more than 1 million deaths have been confirmed worldwide. 1 The number of COVID-19 cases in Brazil has been high, Brazil ranking third among the countries with the highest death toll 2 ; with no immediate resolution in sight, there is a possibility of a second wave of infection, which several countries are currently facing. 3 …”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

ELMO 1.0: a helmet interface for CPAP and high-flow oxygen delivery

et al. 2021

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COVID-19 pandemic and mechanical ventilation: facing the present, designing the future

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

VEMERS 2.0: Upgrading of an Emergency Use Ventilator from a Single Mandatory Volume Control Mode of Ventilation (VEMERS 1.0) to 8 Modes of Ventilation

VEMERS 2.0: Upgrading of an Emergency Use Ventilator from a Single Mandatory Volume Control Mode of Ventilation (VEMERS 1.0) to 8 Modes of Ventilation

Collaborative and Structured Network for Maintenance of Mechanical Ventilators during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

ELMO 1.0: a helmet interface for CPAP and high-flow oxygen delivery

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