Applications of Nanomaterials in Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Biosensors

Abstract

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (also called electrochemiluminescence and abbreviated ECL) involves the generation of species at electrode surfaces that then undergo electron-transfer reactions to form excited states that emit light. ECL biosensor, combining advantages offered by the selectivity of the biological recognition elements and the sensitivity of ECL technique, is a powerful device for ultrasensitive biomolecule detection and quantification. Nanomaterials are of considerable interest in the biosensor field owing to their unique physical and chemical properties, which have led to novel biosensors that have exhibited high sensitivity and stability. Nanomaterials including nanoparticles and nanotubes, prepared from metals, semiconductor, carbon or polymeric species, have been widely investigated for their ability to enhance the efficiencies of ECL biosensors, such as taking as modification electrode materials, or as carrier of ECL labels and ECL-emitting species. Particularly useful application of nanomaterials in ECL biosensors with emphasis on the years 2004-2008 is reviewed. Remarks on application of nanomaterials in ECL biosensors are also surveyed.

A Cholesterol Biosensor Based on the NIR Electrogenerated-Chemiluminescence (ECL) of Water-Soluble CdSeTe/ZnS Quantum Dots

“…24 Combined with the specificity of the ECL reaction, these attributes produce a technique that is ideally suited for detecting low concentration target analytes in complex matrices with a good signal to noise ratio. [25][26][27][28] However, at the time of writing there does not appear to be any work based on the ECL of near-infrared (NIR) QD films for the detection of cholesterol. The benefit of such a system is that emission above 800 nm reduces signal interference from whole blood samples, an issue that can affect detection systems that use emitters in the visible region.…”

Sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence peptide-based biosensor for the determination of troponin I with gold nanoparticles amplification

“…Nanoparticles including carbon nanotube, metal nanoparticles were employed as the amplification platform for the immobilization of molecular recognition elements [18], such as antibody [19], aptamer [20], carbohydrate [21], or peptide [22]. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs), with unique properties such as their fascinating electrocatalytic activity, large surface area, excellent conductivity, and stability, have been widely used in designing ECL biosenesors [23,24]. Generally, the ECL biosensors utilize GNPs for the modification of the substrate electrodes, which provide large electrode area and also facilitate the electron transfer between the ECL signals and the electrodes, thus affording the possibility of the improvement of ECL performance.…”

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence peptide-based biosensing method for cardiac troponin I using peptide-integrating Ru(bpy)3 2+-functionalized gold nanoparticles as nanoprobe

“…In brief, 100 mL of 0.01 % HAuCl 4 was heated to boiling, and then, 4 mL of 1 % (3.4×10 −2 M) sodi- -AuNPs-peptide) nanoprobe. According to the process in the Sun's work [23], 100 μL of an aqueous solution of 10 μM Ru(bpy) 3 -AuNPs-peptide was stored at 4°C until use. The preparation of Ru(bpy) 2 (dcbpy-NHS)(PF 6 ) 2 -labeled peptide (Ru1-peptide) was carried out according to a procedure described previously [20].…”

“…Since the use of AuNPs for biological uses was first demonstrated by Mirkin et al in 1996 [22], AuNPs have been widely used in the design of biosensors [23][24][25]. Generally, AuNPs are employed in the modification of electrodes [26,27] as they provide a large surface area and facilitate the electron transfer between active molecules and electrodes.…”