Molecular Targets of Cannabidiol in Experimental Models of Neurological Disease

Abstract

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid known for its beneficial effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, CBD is a compound with antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and antipsychotic effects. Thanks to all these properties, the interest of the scientific community for it has grown. Indeed, CBD is a great candidate for the management of neurological diseases. The purpose of our review is to summarize the in vitro and in vivo studies published in the last 15 years that describe the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of CBD and its therapeutic application in neurological diseases. CBD exerts its neuroprotective effects through three G protein coupled-receptors (adenosine receptor subtype 2A, serotonin receptor subtype 1A and G protein-coupled receptor 55), one ligand-gated ion channel (transient receptor potential vanilloid channel-1) and one nuclear factor (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ). Moreover, the therapeutical properties of CBD are also due to GABAergic modulation. In conclusion, CBD, through multi-target mechanisms, represents a valid therapeutic tool for the management of epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease.

Cannabidiol Induces Autophagy to Protects Neural Cells From Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Upregulating SIRT1 to Inhibits NF-κB and NOTCH Pathways

“…The identification of effective protective candidate agents for neurodegenerative diseases is one of the research hotspots in the treatment of PD, Cannabidiol has been reported to treated the psychosis in Parkinson’s disease ( Ding et al, 2015 ; Cassano et al, 2020 ; Silvestro et al, 2020 ), However, the neuroprotective potential of Cannabidiol against MPP + -mediated PD in SH-SY5Y cells is unclear. In our present study we demonstrated that Cannabidiol induces autophagy to protects SH-SY5Y cells from MPP + -mediated mitochondrial dysfunction by upregulating SIRT1 to inhibits NF-κB and NOTCH pathways.…”

Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol as an oromucosal spray in a 1:1 ratio: a therapeutic option for patients with central post-stroke pain syndrome?

“…CBD has proven anxiolytic,26 neuroprotective,27–29 antidepressant,30 anti-inflammatory30 31 and immunomodulatory effects32 33 in these studies. CBD’s neuroprotective effects are mainly attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and modulation of a variety of biological targets in the brain, such as receptors and channels involved in the development and maintenance of neurological diseases 34. In animal studies with artificially induced cerebral ischaemia, CBD displayed a reduction in cerebral oedema and blood–brain barrier permeability, trends towards infarct reduction, improved functional outcomes and had higher survival rates 35–38.…”

Development of Stimuli-Responsive Chitosan/ZnO NPs Transdermal Systems for Controlled Cannabidiol Delivery

“…The amount of CBD being released was measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Kinetics of the drug release process was using Equations (4)- (7):…”

“…Human studies confirmed that CBD is well-tolerated by patients at both low and high doses, even up to 1500 mg/day, and its administration, both acute and chronic, does not cause any significant changes in central nervous system functionality. However, it has been shown that this compound may have immunosuppressive properties due to its reductive effect on Interleukin-8 and -10 biosynthesis as well as the possibility of lymphocyte apoptosis induction [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”