Penile cancer trends and economic burden in the Brazilian public health system

Abstract

Objective: To gather information on penile cancer epidemiologic trends and its economic impact on the Brazilian Public Health System across the last 25 years. Methods: The Brazilian Public Health System database was used as the primary source of data from January 1992 to December 2017. Mortality and incidence data from the Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva was collected using the International Classification of Diseases ICD10 C60. Demographic data from the Brazilian population was obtained from the last census by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, performed in 2010 and its 2017 review. Results: There were 9,743 hospital admissions related to penile cancer from 1992 to 2017. There was a reduction (36%) in the absolute number of admissions per year related to penile cancer in 2017, as compared to 1992 (2.7 versus 1.7 per 100,000; p<0.001). The expenses with admissions related to this condition in this period were US$ 3,002,705.73 (US$ 115,488.68/year). Approximately 38% of the total amount was spent in Northeast Region. In 1992, penile cancer costed US$ 193,502.05 to the public health system, while in 2017, it reduced to US$ 47,078.66 (p<0.02). Penile cancer incidence in 2017 was 0.43/100,000 male Brazilian, with the highest incidence rate found in the Northeast Region. From 1992 to 2017, the mortality rates of penile cancer in Brazil were 0.38/100,000 man, and 0.50/100,000 man in the North Region. Conclusion: Despite the decrease in admissions, penile cancer still imposes a significant economic and social burden to the Brazilian population and the Public Health System.

Trends in treatment of retinal disorders in the Brazilian Public Health System over a 10-year period*

“…Although widely used for investigations in other medical specialties, (7)(8)(9)(10)(11) this is the first study to use the data extracted from DATASUS database for analysis in ophthalmology. Data derived from this system are essential for a broader understanding of the overall ocular health care scenario within the SUS, and to identify trends in therapeutic patterns in a given specialty, to inform healthcare managers and public health policy makers.…”

Câncer em neovagina de mulheres trans: uma revisão sistemática

“…Considerando o número de 12 mulheres transexuais, dois artigos encontraram (16,6%) raspados foram identificados com células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado e um (8,3%) como lesão intraepitelial escamosa de alto grau (Bezerra et al, 2020;Fierz et al, 2019b;Grosse et al, 2017). Em uma correlação ao câncer de pênis, tecido do enxerto utilizado na neovagina, ocorre em mais de 10% nos estados das regiões nordeste e 35% no sudeste do Brasil, sendo o mais comum o carcinoma espinocelular, também conhecido como carcinoma de células escamosas ou escamocelular) identificado em todos os estudos (Carmo, 2020;Korkes et al, 2020). O carcinoma de células escamosas é o tipo de câncer peniano mais comum, sendo ainda mais frequente em populações com baixo nível socioeconômico, condições precárias de higiene e em homens cisgêneros com fimose (Carmo, 2020).…”

“…O câncer de espinocelular peniano, de acometimento agressivo, tem alta mortalidade entre os homens cisgêneros acometidos e por isso tem sido alvo de investimentos e estratégia de ação na Política Nacional de Atenção Integral a Saúde do Homem (PNAISH) no sentido de minimizar práticas de risco e promover o diagnóstico precoce da doença (Bezerra et al, 2020;Korkes et al, 2020). Além da vaginoplastia ser composta de tecido peniano e escrotal que constituem fatores de risco, tal qual para os homens cisgêneros, as mulheres transexuais possuem outros possíveis fatores de risco como processo incisional e inflamatório cirúrgico, fístulas intestinais causando depósito de fezes e acúmulo de sujidade no canal neovaginal, ações químicas e físicas diferentes da proposta original do retalho, lesões pela relação sexual, uso recorrente do dilatador para evitar a estenose do canal, exposição local a substancias químicas e/ou sêmen e hormonização (Bollo et al, 2018;Grosse et al, 2017;Trum et al, 2015).…”

Impact of Social Distancing on COVID-19 and Other Related Infectious Disease Transmission: A Systematic Review

“…All data extraction was performed independently with a standardized and customized data collection table (Appendix A). The following data were recorded: (1) type of study (2) type of infectious disease involve in the study; (3) sample/ population of the study; (4) methods; (5) results; (6) comments and conclusion of the study.…”

“…These acts were based on the best evidence available at the time of the introduction. The evidence consisted of global experience and previous pandemics [6]. In some studies, social distancing reduced the spreading of seasonal influenza in workplaces [7].…”