Combining Fluorescent Quantum Dots with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Screening of both Emerging and Classical Environmental Pollutants: A Review

Abstract

Emerging and classical pollutants, such as antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and heavy metals derived from human activity, currently pose serious threats to the environment and human health. Despite the grave danger posed by these pollutants, there is still no adequate monitoring of their presence in the environment. The regular determination of these contaminants in the environment can play a crucial role in the protection of human health and the preservation of ecosystems. New analytical techniques allow the reproducible quantification of analytes at very low concentration levels. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), with selective recognition, have also been combined with quantum dots (QDs) and suggested as valuable materials in the construction of optical sensors. Several strategies have been proposed for the selective detection of these pollutants in recent years. Rather than employing expensive, time-consuming standard analytical methods, fluorescent quantum dots coupled with molecularly imprinted polymers can be used for developing simple, rapid and highly selective analytical methods for the detection of these pollutants. This review presents a brief discussion on the application of tailor-made polymeric materials in tandem with quantum dots for the rational construction of efficient sensors capable of determining the presence of these pollutants in aquatic environments.

Covalent organic frameworks-based materials for antibiotics fluorescence detection

“…The typical analysis methods for antibiotics mainly rely on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [ 3 ], enzymatic immunoassay (EI) [ 4 ], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [ 5 ], and fluorescence analysis [ 6 , 7 ]. Compared with the other three methods, fluorescence-based methods do not depend on complex and expensive instrument, do not need large amount of eluent, and do not require rigorous pH, temperature and oxygen conditions [ 8 ]. Moreover, fluorescence-based method often has comparable level of sensitivity and lowest detection limit (LOD) with the former three methods, commonly in μM to nM concentration [ 9 ].…”