Phytocomponents, Evaluation of Anticholinesterase Activity and Toxicity of Hydroethanolic Extracts of Parkia platycephala Benth.

Abstract

This study evaluated the chemical composition, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities, and the toxicity of hydroethanolic extracts of the Parkia platycephala Benth. Hot extraction with 70% hydroethanolic solution was used to obtain crude extracts of the leaf (LE), bark (BE), flower (FE), and seed (SE). Separation and identification of the compounds were performed by liquid chromatography with diode array detection and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities were performed by the 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and Ellman methods, respectively, and the preliminary toxicity by the method with Artemia salina. Chromatography analysis indicated naringin, kaempferol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol in all extracts. Gallic acid is prominent in the LE and FE, while ferulic acid is abundant in the BE and lupeol and lupeol acetate are prominent in the SE. The BE antioxidant activity (lethal concentration of 50% (IC50) = 14.72 ± 0.13 μg mL-1) is equivalent to the standard rutin (IC50 = 15.85 ± 0.08 μg mL-1). The SE had the best acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential (IC50 = 5.73 ± 0.68 μg mL-1). Aside from the SE, which is not toxic, the other extracts had low (LE, FE) and moderate (BE) toxicity. The extracts of P. platycephala have potential antioxidant and therapeutic uses, especially against Alzheimer’s disease.

Chemical Characterization, Phenolic Compounds Quantification, and Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti‐Acetylcholinesterase Activities of Byrsonima sericea DC fruits

“…Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) causes an increase in ACh levels, reversing the memory deficit and improving disease-related symptoms, which makes AChE inhibitors the most viable therapeutic targets in research for the treatment of this pathology. [6] In the literature, there is little information about the characteristics of B. sericea, so further studies are needed of the chemical composition and biological activities of the species. Based on its application in traditional medicine and low toxicity (as indicated by its large consumption by birds), this study characterizes the chemical constituents and quantify the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant and anticholinesterase actions of the ethanol and hexane extracts of the murici fruit.…”

“…Individuals with AD do not synthesize acetylcholine (ACh), an essential substance for memory and learning. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) causes an increase in ACh levels, reversing the memory deficit and improving disease‐related symptoms, which makes AChE inhibitors the most viable therapeutic targets in research for the treatment of this pathology [6] …”