Spondias purpurea L. Stem Bark Extract: Antioxidant and in vitro Photoprotective Activities

Abstract

Plant phenolic extracts are widely recognized as an important source of natural antioxidant substances and potential compounds for cosmetic formulations. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile, photoprotective and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract of Spondias purpurea L. (ciriguela) and its application in photoprotective formulations. Thirty phenolic constituents were annotated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in mode negative (UPLC‑QTOF-MS2). The stem bark extract antioxidant and chelation potential, expressed in half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), showed 6.25 and 352.22 μg mL−1, respectively. The phenolic extract was used as an active ingredient in six sunscreen formulations, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 10%. The ultraviolet (UV) protection properties of the formulations were evaluated by sun protection factor (SPF) values obtained in 0.2 mg mL−1 (0.495 to 2.27) and 2.0 mg mL−1 (2.29 to 15.87). The SPF value for the extract (14.37 and 26.16) was high, but there was a reduction in the base formulation. However, these results suggested that the bioactive extracted of stem bark of Spondias purpurea L. has interesting potential to reduce the damage caused by UV radiation and may be utilized as an active ingredient in a sunscreen formulation.

Spondias sp: Shedding Light on Its Vast Pharmaceutical Potential

“…Other studies have shown the presence of important bioactive compounds in Spondias sp. such as ellagic acid [ 6 ], gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid [ 26 ], and isoquercetin [ 27 ], though these are in lower concentrations.…”

“…Flavonoids, tannins [ 33 ], methylgallate, gallic acid, geraniin, sucrose quercetin, vanillicacidO-hexoside, ellagic acid, and salicylicacid, among other compounds, were found in Spondias dulcis leaves and stem bark [ 26 ]. Gallic acid, methyl gallate, digallic acid, and ethyl gallate were isolated from stem bark extract of Spondias purpurea [ 6 ] and rutin and nicotiflorin were isolated from Spondias purpurea pulp [ 7 ]. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid [ 27 ], gallic acid, and flavonoid [ 9 ] were isolated from Spondias tuberosa seeds and leaves.…”

“…Members of this genus have been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of ailments [ 1 ], and depending on the species, different plant parts may be used. Over the years, several pharmacological activities have been attributed to Spondias genus; these include antibacterial, antidepressant, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antipsychotic, anxiolytic, sedative, and molluscicidal actions, among others [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. These activities stem from its active compounds, such as carotenoids, caffeic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, flavonoids, gallic acid, isoquercetin, rutin, and quercetin [ 6 , 9 , 14 , 15 ].…”

“…Over the years, several pharmacological activities have been attributed to Spondias genus; these include antibacterial, antidepressant, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antipsychotic, anxiolytic, sedative, and molluscicidal actions, among others [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. These activities stem from its active compounds, such as carotenoids, caffeic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, flavonoids, gallic acid, isoquercetin, rutin, and quercetin [ 6 , 9 , 14 , 15 ]. The main pharmacological applications and used plant parts of some species of genus Spondias will be further described in this review.…”

Highlighting the Cosmeceutical Potential of the Edible Bunium alpinum Waldst& Kit (Apiaceae) Growing in Algeria: in vitro Antioxidant and Photoprotective Effects

“…In vitro sun protection factors of Ba-MeOH crude extract and Ba-BuOH fraction and Apigenin-It is well reported that according to ANVISA (National Health Surveillance Agency of Brazil), the minimum value of SPF for photoprotective products is 6[39], however the FDA (Food and Drug Administration of the United States) recommended that only SPF values that are greater than or equal to 15 are suitable for use in preparations with photoprotective effect…”