High Conversion of Palm Olein to Ethyl Esters Using a Strong Anion Exchange Resin: Study of the Operational Parameters

Bejarano-Alva, Isabel J.; Hirata, Gisele Atsuko Medeiros; Sampaio, Klicia Araújo; Batista, Eduardo Augusto Caldas; Meirelles, Antônio J. A.

doi:10.21577/0103-5053.20200025

Cited by 2 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The ethanol concentration was also much higher than that used in the homogeneous catalysis. The high amount of ethanol that was required in the present study is in agreement with that reported in the literature for heterogeneous transesterification using an anion exchange resin; 4,11,21 both homogeneous and heterogeneous transesterifications stoichiometrically require 3 mol of alcohol for 1 mol of triacylglycerol, but, in practice, heterogeneous transesterification always uses a higher proportion. 31 In heterogeneous transesterification using a catalyst with a porous structure, the mass transfer resistance affects the external (between the reaction mixture and bulk solid phase) and internal (within the resin pores) movements of the chemical species.…”

Section: Kinetic Model Application: Comparison Between the Two Approa...supporting

confidence: 90%

“…The ethanol concentration decreased with time, the rate of which was consistent with the production of FAEE. However, ethanol was the component that was present in the highest concentration in all studied cases at all times; this occurred because an excess of ethanol (ethanol/olein = 13:1) was used, as suggested by Bejarano-Alva et al 4 3.4. Adjustment of Kinetic Parameters for the Second Approach.…”

Section: Kinetic Model Application: Comparison Between the Two Approa...mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Ultrasound-assisted transesterification was carried out for 4 h using the following optimum parameters for biodiesel production suggested by Bejarano-Alva et al: temperature of 56.7 °C, catalyst amount corresponding to 11.36 mass % of the olein quantity, and a total ethanol/olein molar ratio of 13:1. The total molar ratio considers the amount of ethanol carried by the resin within its porous structure (Bejarano-Alva et al) . Ultrasound-assisted transesterification was performed using an ultrasonic horn (VCX 750; 750 W, 20 kHz).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total molar ratio considers the amount of ethanol carried by the resin within its porous structure (Bejarano-Alva et al). 4 Ultrasound-assisted transesterification was performed using an ultrasonic horn (VCX 750; 750 W, 20 kHz). A glass reactor (diameter = 70 mm; capacity = 50 mL) coupled with a thermostatic bath (Paar Physica, Viscotherm VT2, Germany) was used.…”

Section: Materials and Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Transesterification reaction with a strong anion exchange resin as a catalyst starts when the active sites of the resin interact with ethanol molecules to generate ethoxyls, whose nucleophilic attacks on the carbon of the carbonyl group of triacylglycerol molecules produce ethyl esters and diacylglycerols as the first step of the reaction. This reaction mechanism is described in greater detail in studies by Cordeiro et al, 2 Li et al, 3 and Bejarano-Alva et al 4 The models for heterogeneous reactions are commonly based on the Langmuir−Hinshelwood (LH) and Eley−Rideal (ER) mechanisms. 5 The LH mechanism assumes that all reacting species are chemisorbed on the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic Study of Ultrasound-Intensified Biodiesel Production Using Anion Exchange Resin as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

Bejarano-Alva,

Biasi,

Batista

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The mathematical models used to represent the kinetics of heterogeneous reactions are usually complex and require the adjustment of a significant number of variables. The present study aimed to apply a simpler kinetic model with fewer adjusted parameters for the heterogeneous reaction during ultrasoundassisted biodiesel production using anion exchange resin as a catalyst. Through bench tests and computational tools, which molecules would enter the resin pores during the reaction and their effects on the kinetic data were investigated. With this information, two possible approaches were proposed. The results show the second approach as physically more accurate, considering the samples taken from both inside and outside the resin. It also allows for better fitting of the kinetic model and obtaining correlation coefficients (R 2 ) greater than 99%. The findings of this study are expected to be useful for building more accurate and simpler models for biodiesel production processes with various catalysts and reagents.

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Section: Kinetic Model Application: Comparison Between the Two Approa...supporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Kinetic Model Application: Comparison Between the Two Approa...mentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Kinetic Study of Ultrasound-Intensified Biodiesel Production Using Anion Exchange Resin as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

Bejarano-Alva,

Biasi,

Batista

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Electrochemical synthesis of methoxide for transesterification of palm oil

Juntuma

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Sodium methoxide (NaOCH3) is commonly used as an alkaline homogeneous catalyst in transesterification to produce fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and glycerol as a by-product. However, this conventional process requires a few steps to remove the homogeneous catalyst from the products by neutralization and washing, creating waste salts to be treated with additional cost. This study investigates the electrochemical synthesis of methoxide. Amberlite IRA402 anion exchange resin is used to adsorb the generated methoxide and subsequently as a heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification to observe its catalytic activity. In contrast to many other similar works, this synthesis was performed with anion-exchange resin as the only electrolyte in the cathode compartment where methoxide is synthesized electrochemically and stored in the resin without any other additives such as sodium chloride (NaCl) or water needed, eliminating the need for neutralization and washing. Platinized titanium fiber felt was used as electrodes. Methoxide ions can be generated with the presence of an anion-exchange membrane at a constant current density of 8.25 mA cm-2 for 4 h. The hydroxide equivalent of electrolyzed resin was 0.00039 mol cm-3, compared with that from ion exchange of 0.00029 mol cm-3. The results of the experiment suggest that hydroxide ions as base in the resin could better catalyze transesterification than methoxide ions; therefore, electrochemical regeneration did not restore its catalytic activity. The response surface methodology (RSM) from a central composite design (CCD) of experiments was conducted to analyze the effects of the catalyst loading, the methanol-to-oil molar ratio, and the reaction temperature. Statistical analysis suggested that only the catalyst loading, the reaction temperature, and the interaction between the catalyst loading and the reaction temperature affected the FAME yield significantly.

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High Conversion of Palm Olein to Ethyl Esters Using a Strong Anion Exchange Resin: Study of the Operational Parameters

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Kinetic Study of Ultrasound-Intensified Biodiesel Production Using Anion Exchange Resin as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

Kinetic Study of Ultrasound-Intensified Biodiesel Production Using Anion Exchange Resin as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

Electrochemical synthesis of methoxide for transesterification of palm oil

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