Matrix Effects on the Degradation of Gemfibrozil, Hydrochlorothiazide, and Naproxen by Heterogeneous Photocatalysis

Abstract

The degradation of a pharmaceutical mixture (gemfibrozil, hydrochlorothiazide and naproxen) by TiO 2 /UV-A in different aqueous matrices was evaluated. The matrix components affected the operational conditions, rate constants, and removal efficiency of the pharmaceuticals, as well as toxicity. For sewage treatment plant effluent, a TiO 2 concentration threefold higher (450 mg L −1) and an irradiation time 1.5-3 times longer were required to reach the same efficiency of degradation as the pharmaceuticals in deionized water and surface water matrices. An improvement in the rate constants and the removal efficiency of the pharmaceuticals was achieved by adding 6 mg L −1 of H 2 O 2 and 150 mg L −1 of TiO 2 in deionized water and surface water, but not in the sewage treatment plant effluent, due to the coupling of 450 mg L −1 of TiO 2 and 50-200 mg L −1 of H 2 O 2. Overall, TiO 2 /UV-A efficiently degraded all compounds, but an additional step is needed for the removal of residual toxicity.

Challenges on solar oxidation as post-treatment of municipal wastewater from UASB systems: Treatment efficiency, disinfection and toxicity

“…All data regarding UASB effluent quality presented in Fig. 2 were obtained from UASB systems operating in developing countries ( Aiyuk et al, 2004 ; Amildon Ricardo et al, 2018 ; Antonio da Silva et al, 2021 ; Bhatti et al, 2014 ; Bressani-Ribeiro et al, 2021a ; Cardinali-Rezende et al, 2013 ; De Almeida et al, 2009 ; Espinosa et al, 2021 ; Gonçalves et al, 2020 ; Komolafe et al, 2021 ; Lopes et al, 2017 ; Luo et al, 2014 ; Marson et al, 2020 ; Oliveira and Von Sperling, 2008 ; Paniagua et al, 2020 ; Silva et al, 2021a ; Vassalle et al, 2020a , Vassalle et al, 2020 ). According to these studies, post-treatment systems following UASB reactors include aerated filter, anaerobic filter, trickling filter, facultative pond, maturation pond and, to a lesser extent, coagulation/flotation unit.…”

Propriedades Termodinâmicas De Formação Estimadas Para Ésteres De Biodiesel Usando Software De Química Quântica Gaussian E O Método De Contribuição De Grupo De Constantinou E Gani

“…Therefore, studies with the aim of promoting the removal of specific target compounds have been carried out with a view to presenting high efficiency, lower cost, possibility of reusing effluents for non-potable purposes and that are ecologically correct (ARSAND et al, 2020;OLIVEIRA et al, 2020;PANIAGUA et al, 2020).…”

Tecnologias Avançadas Para a Remoção De Antibióticos E Hormônios Em Águas Superficiais E Efluentes Domésticos

“…Estas substâncias possuem algumas propriedades intrínsecas, tais como: lipofilicidade, baixa volatilidade e biodegradabilidade que favorecem a bioacumulação destes no ambiente (GOGOI et al, 2018;NADAIS et al, 2018). Além disso, a maior parte dos fármacos e seus metabolitos são excretados de forma inalterada (50 a 90% do principio ativo), permanecendo no ambiente no solo e nos recursos hídricos (PANIAGUA et al, 2020;SOUSA et al, 2020;STARLING et al, 2019).…”

“…Embora presentes em baixas concentrações, os fármacos têm apresentado o desencadeamento de efeitos colaterais oriundos da exposição de certos organismos a determinadas substâncias, tais como: toxicidade aquática aguda, genotoxicidade, perturbação endócrina em animais selvagens, seleção de bactérias multirresistentes, feminização de peixes masculinos, além daqueles especialmente relacionados a humanos, como aumento da incidência de câncer de mama, testicular e próstata, redução da contagem de espermatozóides, infertilidade, abortos espontâneos, distúrbios metabólicos, incidência de tumores malignos, endometriose e os riscos associados a resistência de bactérias a antibióticos (PANIAGUA et al, 2020;RODRIGUES et al, 2020;STARLING et al, 2019;VIEIRA, 2021).…”