Influence of the Transport of Sea Spray on the Salinization of the Semiarid Region Waters (Bahia, Brazil)

Abstract

The sea spray can be transported to long distances, reaching the semiarid regions. In this work, the rainwater and the atmospheric particulate matter were characterized by investigating the presence of sea spray in the atmosphere of the semiarid region of Bahia, Brazil, aiming to study the influence of its transport on the salinization of the waters of the region. Stable isotopes of deuterium and oxygen-18 were also determined in the rain as environmental tracers, evaluating the isotopic ratios The results demonstrate that the amount of sea spray which reaches the region is insufficient to interfere at the groundwater composition and the cause of its salinization should be attributed to the local geology and the evaporation and salt concentration process due to the high temperatures found in the region.

An assessment of atmospheric deposition of metals and the physico -chemical parameters of a rainwater harvesting system in Rio de Janeiro Brazil, by means of statistical multivariate analysis

“…All the points showed results within the 200 mg L -1 limit. Water-soluble Na content results in marine spray (Singh et al, 2007;Soluri et al, 2007;Szép et al, 2019), and leads to the highest concentrations in the rainy season, when it is transported over long distances and via dry or wet deposition (Silva et al, 2017). Studies on PM in Rio de Janeiro have shown that there is a higher Na concentration during March and April, which was also observed in this study (Quiterio et al, 2004).…”

Sea spray influences water chemical composition of Mediterranean semi-natural springs

“…Moreover, in our study area, previous studies have already pointed out that wet deposition of sea salt is commonly occurring, especially during events of eastern winds and sometimes associated with intense rainfall events (Izquierdo et al, 2014(Izquierdo et al, , 2013. Nonetheless, our study presents the first empirical evidence of the sea spray effect on groundwater using a large geographical region and a much larger dataset (303 different springs) than previous studies (Silva et al, 2017;Starinsky et al, 1983).…”

“…Several studies have pointed out that coastal regions are subjected to higher rates of sea salt deposition, specifically of Cl -, Na + , Mg 2+ and K + (Granatt, 1972;Hedin et al, 1994;McDowell et al, 1990;Vet et al, 2014) especially when winds blow from the sea side (Dimitriou et al, 2017;Izquierdo et al, 2014Izquierdo et al, , 2013. Eventually, chronic deposition of sea salt can change soil mineral composition (Dahms, 1993;Hedin et al, 1994;Kennedy et al, 1998;Whipkey et al, 2000) and potentially affect soil weathering, something that could affect the composition of groundwater (Silva et al, 2017;Starinsky et al, 1983), lakes and rivers (Sullivan et al, 1988). Hence, SSA can potentially differentiate water chemical composition of coastal regions from inland regions, which may have large-scale impacts on ecosystem structure and function (Bes et al, 2018;Fernández-Martínez et al, 2017, 2014 as well as water quality for human supply.…”

“…Although there are several studies that report an effect of SSA on the composition of groundwater (Silva et al, 2017;Starinsky et al, 1983), lakes and rivers (Eriksson, 1955;Sullivan et al, 1988), little attention has been devoted to its influence on spring water chemistry, either influenced by deep groundwater or soil and surface processes. For instance, Na + and K + deposition could force the release of other cations captured in the cation exchange complex of the soil (mostly occupied by Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and H + ) in a process called sodization (Shainberg and Letey, 1984), potentially causing Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ enrichment of groundwater.…”