Exploiting Cork as Biosorbent Extraction Phase for Solid-Phase Microextraction to Determine 3-(4-Methylbenzylidene)camphor and 2-Ethylhexyl 4-(Dimethylamino)benzoate in River Water by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

In this study, a method for the determination of 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)camphor (4-MBC) and 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (OD-PABA) in river water samples employing cork as the SPME (solid-phase microextraction) fiber was developed. The extraction parameters optimized were pH, ionic strength and extraction time and temperature. For the extraction step, the sample pH was studied in univariate experiments while the extraction time, temperature and ionic strength were evaluated using a central composite design. The optimal extraction conditions were sample pH 4.0, extraction time 70 min, sample temperature 80 °C and sodium chloride concentration 6% (m v , respectively. The linear correlation coefficients were greater than 0.97 for both analytes and the developed method showed recovery values between 67 and 107%. In an evaluation of the fiber-to-fiber reproducibility (fibers produced by different analysts), the relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower than 11% (n = 6).

Laccase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Added-Value Polymers from Cork and Grape Extracts

“…Daily exposure to sunlight (UV and visible light) may cause harmful effects on the human body such as photoaging, skin cancer, damaging the skin’s immunological system, as well as causing oxidation reactions on materials. , Thus, blocking UV radiation is very important for human and material safety, which led to the development of organic chemicals known as UV filters. The use of sunscreens and other personal care products with UV filters may prevent or minimize the harmful effects of solar radiation on the human skin since these filters absorb UV light.…”

Novel solid‐phase microextraction fiber coatings: A review

“…And this kind of unrecyclable material, like nanoparticle, are likely to exert negative effects on the environment and human beings, like damaging the DNA of plants and degrading the quality of air [162]. However, looking away from chemistry to nature, it's surprising to find that polysaccharides in natural products could be excellent alternatives [163][164][165][166]. Cellulose, chitin, lignin as well as suberin are the four kinds of frequently used polysaccharides.…”

“…Unlike others, natural materials derived from nature, which are easily available, inexpensive, biodegradable. In one study, the raw material of diatomaceous earth was taken from the waste of a brewery and was easily prepared just after saturation, heat treatment, and sifting [164]. Nevertheless, the imperfect property of raw natural sorbent makes it perform poorly in the real application.…”

Alternative Green Extraction Phases Applied to Microextraction Techniques for Organic Compound Determination

“…The SPME biosorbent-based fiber has already been successfully applied for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) [14], organochloride pesticides (OCPs) [15] and UV filters such as 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor (4-MBC) and 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino) benzoate (OD-PABA) [16] (Table 1). In the work proposed by Dias et al [14], the cork fiber extracted the PAHs by adsorption through π-π interactions and suberin was reported to play a more important role than lignin, in this case.…”

“…The authors also reported the occurrence of hydrogen bonds with the compounds containing oxygen atoms. In the work of Silva et al [16], the cork fiber extraction efficiency for 4-MCB and OD-PABA was compared with PDMS/DVB and PDMS fibers, and the results showed a better extraction efficiency when the cork fiber was used, for both analytes.…”