Composite Superabsorbent Hydrogel of Acrylic Copolymer and Eggshell: Effect of Biofiller Addition

Abstract

Eggshell (ES) is an abundant waste material which is mainly composed of calcium carbonate. A superabsorbent hydrogel composite based on poly(acrylamide-co-potassium acrylate) as matrix containing 17 wt.% of chicken ES powder as a filler was synthesized and compared with the gel without filler. The characterization was carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), rheological analysis and kinetics studies. The dispersion of ES in the polymeric matrix was homogeneous. The interaction between the acrylate and calcium cation was detected by FTIR analysis. The composite improved the gel strength and the absorption of water and saline solution increased by 100 and 41%, respectively. The high values for the swelling, the homogeneous structure and the good mechanical properties obtained with the incorporation of a relatively high content of a low-cost waste material indicate that this composite is suitable for application in the agriculture. In addition, this approach provides a more ecologically sound and useful destination for eggshell residue.

Eggshell as a biomaterial can have a sorption capability on its surface: A spectroscopic research

“…observed it at around 1424 cm −1 , and it was observed at 1424 cm −1 in this study [ 11 , 32 ]. Similarly, the weak band around 1799 cm −1 corresponds to C = O bonds related to carbonate and a shoulder appears at 1084 cm −1 which is attributed to the symmetric stretching of CO 3 [ 35 , 36 ]. Tatzber et al .…”

İki Farklı Tür ve Üç Farklı Formda Atık Yumurta Kabuğu Kullanılarak Ağır Metallerin (Bakır ve Kurşun) Uzaklaştırılması

“…The band at 1799 cm -1 observed in pure eggshells disappeared after calcination but it was clearly visible after treatment with aqueous metal solution. The weak band around 1799 cm -1 and a shoulder around 1084 cm -1 have corresponded to C = O bonds related to carbonate and the symmetric stretching of CO3, respectively (Kazemi et al, 2017;Queiros et al, 2017). The band at around 1640 cm -1 can be attributed to the carbonyl group vibration (Tizo et al, 2018).…”

Agricultural Applications of Superabsorbent Polymer Hydrogels

“…The water-absorbing capacity of 3600 g/g in distilled water, 150 g/g in 0.9 wt.% KCl solution, 130 g/g in 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution, and 2250 g/g in 10 wt.% urea solution [ 55 ]. Using calcium carbonate in the form of eggshell, which is an abundant waste material, as a filler for synthetic SAPs makes it possible to solve simultaneously the two problems of reducing the cost of synthetic SAPs and increasing their water absorption capacity [ 57 ]. A superabsorbent hydrogel composite based on poly(acrylamide-co-potassium acrylate) (Pam-Ac) as a matrix containing 17 wt.% of chicken eggshell (ES) powder as a filler was synthesized and shown to have an improved gel strength ( Figure 10 ) and the absorption of water and saline solution increased by 100 and 41% ( Figure 11 ).…”

“…The authors conclude that the high values for the swelling, the homogeneous structure, and the good mechanical properties obtained with the incorporation of a relatively high content of a low-cost waste material indicate that this composite is suitable for application in agriculture, providing additionally a more ecologically sound and useful destination for eggshell residue [ 57 ].…”