EXTRACTION OF MONOMERS OF HYDROLYSABLE TANNINS FROM PODS OF Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L. P. QUEIROZ: EFFECTS OF SOLVENT AND AMOUNT OF DRUG USING RESPONSE-SURFACE METHODOLOGY AND DESIRABILITY PROFILE

Abstract

In this study was evaluated the influence of the extraction factors on the extract's properties to improve the recovery of high concentrations of the phytochemicals important for the biological activities from pods of Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz. The extracts were obtained by turbo-extraction and a factorial design 3 2 was used to study the importance of the drug amount (5, 10 or 15 g) and the solvent (Ethanol 40, 60 or 80%, v/v) on the variables of response, and the optimization was performed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Desirability profile. Mathematical models were fitted according to experimental data and the validated equations were used to generate RSM for each dependent variable (dry residue; total polyphenol content; content of gallic acid and ellagic acid; and, efficiency of extraction). The factors studied within the applied experimental field presented different influence profiles for the responses, and significant interactions between linear and quadratic terms. The statistical analysis showed high R 2 > 0.99. The RSM and Desirability (> 0.95) allowed to show that the optimum conditions to produce extractive solutions of Libidibia ferrea with high efficiency for ellagic acid and gallic acid were 15 g and ethanol 40%.

Culture matters: A systematic review of antioxidant potential of tree legumes in the semiarid region of Brazil and local processing techniques as a driver of bioaccessibility

“…ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz Bark Phenolic compounds [39,40], tannin, flavonoid, and coumarin [40], gallic acid (phenolic acid), quinic acid (phenolic acid), kaempferol (flavonoid) [41,42], ellagic acid (phenolic acid) [43], tannins [44], catequin (flavonoid) [41], and epicatechin (flavonoid) [45] Branch Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, triterpenes, and saponins [46] Fruits Phenolic compounds [42,[46][47][48][49][50][51], flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins [46], tannins, catechin (tannin), epicatechin (tannin) [42,44,45,52], galloylquinic acid (tannin), galloyl-HHDP-hex (tannin), brevifolin carboxylic acid (tannin), valoneic acid dilactone (tannin), ellagic acid derivative (ellagic acid hex-) (phenolic acid), and dihydroisovaltrate [49], ellagic acid (phenolic acid), gallic acid (phenolic acid) [47,49,[53][54][55][56] Leaves Phenolic compounds [46,57], flavonoids, terpenes, saponins [46,58], alkaloids, cinnamic derivatives, heptacosane (alkane) [58], tannins [57,58], quercetin (flavonoid) [59], ellagic acid (phenolic acid), gallic acid (phenolic acid) [51,60] Seeds Ellagic acid (phenolic acid) [43] Dioclea grandiflora Mart. ex Benth…”

Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antifungal Actions of the Optimized Crude Extract and Fractions from the Aerial Parts of Acanthospermum hispidum

“…The quantitative determination of polyphenols is difficult due to the complexity and structural diversity of this group of compounds, but several methods have been used to determine them in herbal extracts. In the Folin‐Ciocalteu method, polyphenols undergo a reaction and form a blue‐colored chromophore, consisting of a phosphotungstic‐phosphomolybdenum complex, which can be quantified by visible light spectrophotometry [18] …”

“…The total polyphenol content was performed using the Folin‐Ciocalteu method and the results were expressed in grams of pyrogallol [18] . Initially, solutions at 1 mg mL −1 of the samples in 50 % ethanol and of the standard in water were made.…”

“…In the Folin-Ciocalteu method, polyphenols undergo a reaction and form a blue-colored chromophore, consisting of a phosphotungstic-phosphomolybdenum complex, which can be quantified by visible light spectrophotometry. [18] The Pareto chart showed that the drug, the solvent, and the interaction between these two factors had significant and positive effects on the TPC response (Figure 1A), i. e., varying the amount of drug from 5 g to 15 g and varying the solvent from water (À 1) to acetone: water (7 : 3, v/v) (+ 1) resulted in increased polyphenol content in the extracts. The amount of drug (Q) plays a major role in the response of TPC with the highest effect (+ 127.86) and the linear terms provide a positive contribution to the independent variable and the interaction between them.…”

“…The total polyphenol content was performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the results were expressed in grams of pyrogallol. [18] Initially, solutions at 1 mg mL À 1 of the samples in 50 % ethanol and of the standard in water were made. Each solution, at the appropriate dilution, was transferred to a 10 mL volumetric flask containing 5 mL of water and 500 μL of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, the volume was completed with sodium carbonate solution at 10.75 % (w/v).…”