New Applications for Amoxicillin Determination in Pure Form and Pharmaceuticals Based on Iodate-Iodide Mixture: Titrimetry and Spectroscopy Studies

Abstract

Three simple methods are described for the determination of amoxicillin (AMX) in bulk drug and dosage forms using iodate-iodide mixture reagent. These methods employed the well-known analytical reaction between iodate-iodide mixture in the presence of acid solution. The iodide oxidized by iodate to iodine in an amount equivalent to the-COOH group present in amoxicillin (AMX) and the liberated iodine determined by titrimetry and spectrophotometry. In the titrimetric method (method A), the liberated iodine was reacted with a measured excess of thiosulphate and the residual thiosulphate was determined by titration with a standard iodine solution using starch indicator, the method was applicable over 2-16 mg of AMX. In the second and third methods, the absorbance of the liberated iodine was measured at 370 nm (method B) and also iodine was reacted with starch and starch-iodine complex was measured at 570 nm (method C). In spectrophotometric methods (B and C), Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration range of 5-50 and 5-60 µg mL-1 AMX with a molar absorptivity values of 5.55×10 3 L mol-1 cm-1 and 4.76×10 3 L mol-1 cm-1 for the method A and method B, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated for method B and method C. The proposed methods were found to yield reliable results when applied to bulk drug and dosage forms analysis, and hence they can be applied in quality control laboratories.

UPLC-MS/MS and Dushman reaction based spectrophotometric method for determination of Ceftazidime, an antibiotic, in medicinal formulation

“…Feigl in his book suggested that in presence of iodide and iodate, the water soluble acid compounds tend to liberate iodine as per the following reaction sequence as mentioned in equation 1 (Feigl, 1960). The same reaction has elaborately been discussed (Xie et al,1999), the same reagent and the reaction mechanism was previously followed for the determination of irbesartan (Rahman et al, 2006) amoxicillin (Qarah et al, 2020) and ramiprilin (Rahman et al, 2005).…”

Development and validation of spectrophotometric method and paper-based microfluidic devices for the quantitative determination of Amoxicillin in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations

“…Amoxicillin is used to treat various types of bacterial infections, for example pneumonia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection, since it has the capability to inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls [ 13 ]. Spectrophotometric [ [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ], chromatographic [ [18] , [19] , [20] ] and electrochemical [ 21 , 22 ] techniques are among several methods reported for determining this drug in pharmaceutical preparations. Whilst current techniques are highly accurate and sensitive in general they fail to achieve the criteria of being low cost, rapid, or easy to operate that are required for high throughput screening [ 23 ].…”