Laser Induced-Breakdown Spectroscopy (Libs): Histórico, Fundamentos, Aplicações E Potencialidades

Abstract

This review attempts to present a broad view of the technique laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), since its origin, fundamentals, sample preparation strategies, use of chemometric tools for data processing, the advantages and limitations with regard to qualitative and quantitative analysis, aplications and future trends as an analytical technique that is in consolidation in analytical chemistry. LIBS is a rapid and versatile, which is able of providing qualitative and quantitative analytical information for practically any sample, in a virtually non-destructive way, without any substantial sample preparation. The instrumentation is simple, robust, compact, and enables remote analysis. The advancement of the LIBS applications in the areas of agriculture, environmental, food, biological/pharmaceutical, forensic, metallurgy and electronic waste were discussed in detail in this review. We consider that this review will be an important tool concerning dissemination of the LIBS, mainly for audience of undergraduate courses, and disciplines related to instrumental analysis.

Direct determination of nutrient elements in plant leaves by double pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: evaluation of calibration strategies using direct and inverse models for matrix-matching

“…[9][10][11][12] LIBS visibility is due to its attractive features, such as (i) broad applicability; (ii) no or minimal sample preparation; (iii) multi-elemental analysis; (iv) none or minimal waste production; (v) fast analysis; (vi) remote sensing capability; and (vii) availability of portable equipment enabling in situ and on-line measurements. [13][14][15] Regarding plant samples, LIBS has been employed for early disease diagnosis in leaf tissues 16 and in the determination of macronutrients (Ca, K, Mg, and P), 17 micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn), 18 and contaminants (Cr, Cd, and Pb). 19 Despite the great potential of LIBS, some difficulties for quantitative analysis are still found, due to the severe matrix effects, mainly for complex samples such as plant leaves, making its use in routine analysis difficult in leaf tissue.…”

“…However, linear univariate calibration is preferred due to its simplicity. [13][14][15]20 MMC is the most used calibration strategy in LIBS, 20 in which calibration standards can be obtained from (i) a set of certied reference materials (CRMs); (ii) by diluting the sample with known concentrations of the analyte; and (iii) a set of samples with varying concentrations of the analyte determined by a reference method. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] This strategy is interesting and, in many cases, minimizes matrix effect problems because the samples are used to obtain the calibration curves.…”

Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy applied to the rapid identification of different types of polyethylene used for toy manufacturing

“…In this context, the need for analytical techniques that can be implemented in online systems in several segments of the industry and that solve issues such as the identification of plastics is persistent. From this perspective, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an advantageous alternative and has particular characteristics, such as (i) high analytical frequency, (ii) multielement capability (organic and inorganic characterizations at the same spectrum), (iii) direct analysis with minimal or no sample preparation, (iv) ability to perform analysis under atmospheric conditions, and (v) the use of small and portable instrumentation 12–14 . These advantages make LIBS one of the most versatile techniques already developed in several areas 15–17 …”

“…From this perspective, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an advantageous alternative and has particular characteristics, such as (i) high analytical frequency, (ii) multielement capability (organic and inorganic characterizations at the same spectrum), (iii) direct analysis with minimal or no sample preparation, (iv) ability to perform analysis under atmospheric conditions, and (v) the use of small and portable instrumentation. [12][13][14] These advantages make LIBS one of the most versatile techniques already developed in several areas. [15][16][17] In relation to the theme of LIBS and plastics, some research groups are working successfully to identify these materials using LIBS.…”

Direct determination of Al and Pb in waste printed circuit boards (PCB) by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS): Evaluation of calibration strategies and economic - environmental questions

“…LIBS technique has some advantages that could be used for the direct analysis of waste PCBs, such as: minimum sample preparation, fast multielement analysis (µs), semi-destructive analysis (µg), and minimum waste generation. A limitation of this technique is related to matrix effects, which may compromise accuracy in quantitative analysis (Andrade et al 2020, Carvalho et al 2018a, Costa et al 2019, Cremers and Radziemski 2006, Gondal et al 2010, Kim et al 2013, Lasheras et al 2011, Miziolek et al 2006.…”