LEWIS ACID SITES OF Mg2+-MODIFIED POLYSTYRENE SULFONIC ACID RESIN CATALYSYS FOR SYNTHESIS OF DIBUTYL SUCCINATE

Abstract

The polystyrene sulfonic acid resin catalysts were fabricated, containing elements of Cl and Mg through oxidization and impregnation, and they were characterized by EDS, FT-IR spectra, Py-IR spectra, UV spectra, XPS and TGA to investigate their physiochemical properties. The catalytic performances of these catalysts were examined in the esterification reaction of succinic acid with n-butanol, and the catalytic results showed that modified resins exhibited the highest catalytic activity and achieved a high yield of dibutyl succinate (91.6%) in addition, the modified resin generated new Lewis acid sites and showed significantly higher thermal stability. The experimental results demonstrated that the Mg 2+ coordinated with a sulfonic acid group to form stable active sites, which effectively decreased the deactivation caused by the thermal degradation of sulfonic acid. Moreover, the monomer structures of polystyrene sulfonic acid resin and modified polystyrene sulfonic acid resin have been modelled using B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) approximation.

Synthesis of Fuel Additives via Esterification of Succinic Acid over a Sustainable Catalyst Comprising 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid Anchored to Zeolite HY

“…Tremendously, succinic acid esters (mono and di) are flashed in the industrial sector due to their well-known potential applications as fuel substituents, bio-based solvents, plasticizers, food preservatives, medicines, and cosmetics . According to the literature, there have been multiple successful attempts to synthesize dibutyl succinate over heterogeneous catalysts such as supported ionic liquids, , acid-activated clay, , resins, immobilized enzymes, and polyoxometalate-based catalysts. ,− Polyoxometalates (POMs) are composed of early transition metal oxoanions linked by a common oxygen atom. Among all, Keggin POMs having the general formula [XM 12 O 40 ] n − , where X belongs to the heteroatom [P­(V), Si­(VI), or B­(III)], M is the addenda atom [Mo­(VI), W­(VI), or V­(V)], and O represents oxygen, are widely acknowledged from the viewpoint of structural stability as well as acidity.…”

“…Tremendously, succinic acid esters (mono and di) are flashed in the industrial sector due to their well-known potential applications as fuel substituents, bio-based solvents, plasticizers, food preservatives, medicines, and cosmetics. 6 According to the literature, there have been multiple successful attempts to synthesize dibutyl succinate over heterogeneous catalysts such as supported ionic liquids, 7,8 acid-activated clay, 9,10 resins, 11 immobilized enzymes, 12 and polyoxometalate-based catalysts. 8,13−18 Polyoxometalates (POMs) are composed of early transition metal oxoanions linked by a common oxygen atom.…”

Dialkyl Succinates and Adipates as Alternative Plasticizers—Even More Efficient Synthesis

“…Di- n -butyl succinate was obtained with 91.6% yield in the presence of Lewis acid sites of Mg 2+ -modified polystyrene sulfonic acid resin at 120 °C after 60 min, using a 3-fold excess of 2-ethylhexan-1-ol to succinic acid [ 16 ].…”