Determinação Rápida E Simultânea De Propifenazona, Paracetamol E Cafeína Utilizando Análise Por Injeção Em Batelada Com Detecção Amperométrica

Abstract

FAST SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PROPIFENAZONE, PARACETAMOL AND CAFFEINE USING BATCH INJECTION ANALYSIS WITH AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION. A fast and simple procedure for simultaneous determination of propyphenazone (PRO), paracetamol (PAR) and caffeine (CAF) was performed using batch injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric detection (BIA-MPA). Three potentials pulses were selected for the analysis: +0.90 V/50 ms: only PAR was oxidized; +1.20 V/50 ms: oxidation of PAR and PRO without the interference of CAF; +1.60 V/50 ms: oxidation of the three compounds (PAR, PRO and CAF). The sample aliquot (150 μL) was directly injected onto the boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode immersed in a BIA cell. The analytical characteristics of the proposed method include high analytical frequency (75 injections per hour), good stability (RSD < 3.9%; n = 10), and low detection limits (0.3, 0.2 and 0.1 mg L −1 for PRO, PAR and CAF, respectively). The proposed method yielded similar results to those obtained by liquid chromatography at a 95% confidence level.

Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes in Flow-Based Systems

“…According to the authors, the method presented advantages when compared to chromatographic separation systems, especially regarding to simplicity, cost-effectiveness, speed of analysis (60 injections h −1 ), and waste generation. Next, this system (BIA-MPA) was also used for the simultaneous determination of three species in pharmaceutical samples, such as phenazopyridine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim (Pereira et al, 2016); propyphenazone, paracetamol and caffeine (Silva et al, 2017b) and 8-chlorotheophylline, caffeine and diphenhydramine (Freitas et al, 2017a). All reported methods using the BIA-MPA system presented similar and relevant characteristics, such as fast analysis (≥60 injections h −1 ), minimal sample size requirements (≤150 μL), minimal waste production (≈150 μL by sample) usually without or with a minimal volume of organic solvent, possible implementation in laboratories with minimal infrastructure, and application to a wide range of active ingredients.…”

Batch‐injection Analysis Better than ever: New Materials for Improved Electrochemical Detection and On‐site Applications

“…The use of a fourth potential pulse was necessary for prevention of electrode fouling. Subsequently, this strategy was also used successfully for simultaneous determination of three active ingredients in other pharmaceutical samples, such as 8‐chlorotheophylline, caffeine, and diphenhydramine , phenazopyridine, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim , propyphenazone, paracetamol, and caffeine and acetaminophen, aspirin and caffeine .…”

Analytical Applications of Electrochemically Pretreated Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes

“…Interestingly, in the last decade or so, there were many reports of different analytical applications based on CPT‐BDDEs, but lacking comparisons with the performance of the APT or as‐grown electrode; the CPT may have been preceded or not by an APT. This direct, trustful use of CPT‐BDDEs is most probably based on the understanding that HT‐BDD surfaces are hydrophobic and thus might better interact with the investigated analyte, consequently resulting in a higher intensity of the current signal …”