Inflammation: friend or foe of bovine reproduction?

A Rapid Blood Test to Monitor the Immune Status Change of Dairy Cows and to Evaluate their Disease Risk during the Periparturient Period

“…If the body fails to restore this balance on time and/or fully, the animal may be exposed to an increased risk of infectious diseases and other health problems. Studies have found that a certain degree of in ammation is necessary to induce birth and to protect the cows from bacterial infection in the rst few days postpartum [16]. Cows that can resolve this in ammation more quickly are less susceptible to diseases, whereas cows that sustain high in ammatory responses are more likely to experience transition diseases such as metritis and mastitis [15].…”

“…In ammation is the rst immune response of an organism when facing a microbial infection or a tissue injury. Studies have shown that a certain degree of in ammation is necessary to initiate calving, assist placental expulsion and protect the dams from postpartum microbial invasion [16]. However, excessive and persistent postpartum pro-in ammatory response has been linked to increased disease risk and decreased milk production [17,18].…”

Association between Anti-Müllerian Hormone Concentration and Inflammation Markers in Serum during the Peripartum Period in Dairy Cows

“…Dairy cows in perinatal periods have been reported to face NEB through production of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and oxidative stress (as indicated by the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)), together with digestive acidosis and social stress, which may act as proinflammatory factors [ 7 ]. Recent studies have focused on the relationship between postpartum ovarian follicular functions and uterine and systemic inflammation status during perinatal period through evaluation of the number of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) cells via endometrial cytological examinations, performance of metabolic profile test (MPT), and determination of the concentration of acute phase proteins (APPs) such as albumin (Alb), haptoglobin (HG), and paraoxonase (PON) [ 3 , 8 ].…”

“…Recent studies have focused on the relationship between postpartum ovarian follicular functions and uterine and systemic inflammation status during perinatal period through evaluation of the number of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) cells via endometrial cytological examinations, performance of metabolic profile test (MPT), and determination of the concentration of acute phase proteins (APPs) such as albumin (Alb), haptoglobin (HG), and paraoxonase (PON) [ 3 , 8 ]. Moreover, uterine bacterial infection (inflammation) has been reported to perturb ovarian follicular growth and function, leading to accumulation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the follicular fluid, which in turn leads to an increase in follicular atresia and granulosa cell apoptosis [ 7 , 9 ]. This may not only affect preantral and antral follicular functions, but also antral follicle count (ovarian reserve) in the postpartum period of cows [ 7 , 10 ].…”

Toll‐like receptor 2 mediates the immune response of the bovine oviductal ampulla to sperm binding

“…Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) primarily detect potential pathogens to the host and trigger immune responses (Hug, Mohajeri, & La Fata, 2018). The bovine oviduct is known to express TLRs (Chastant & Saint‐Dizier, 2019), and TLRs have been shown to play roles in the reproductive processes of mice and cattle (Kowsar et al, 2013; Shimada et al, 2008). In mice, the activation of TLR2 in cumulus cells of ovulated cumulus–oocyte complex stimulated production of cytokines and chemokines that induced sperm capacitation and enhanced fertilization; whereas, blocking TLR2 with antibody reduced sperm capacitation and fertilization (Shimada et al, 2008).…”