Patient-reported outcomes and healthcare resource utilization in systemic lupus erythematosus: Impact of disease activity

Abstract

Background Limited real-world data exists on clinical outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients by SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). We aimed to examine the association between SLEDAI-2K score and clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes in patients with SLE.MethodsRheumatologists from the United States of America and Europe provided real-world demographic, clinical, and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) data for SLE patients. Patients provided self-reported outcome data, capturing their general health status using the EuroQol 5-dimension 3-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L), health-related quality of life using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) and work productivity using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI). Low disease activity was defined as SLEDAI‑2K score ≤4 and ≤7.5mg/day glucocorticoids; patients not meeting these criteria were considered to have “higher” active disease. Data were compared between patients with low and higher disease activity. Logistic regression estimated a propensity score for SLE based on demographic and clinical characteristics. Propensity score matched analyses compared HCRU, patient-reported outcomes, income loss and treatment satisfaction in patients with low disease activity versus higher active disease.ResultsData from 296 physicians reporting on 730 patients (46 low disease activity, 684 higher active disease), and from 377 patients’ self-reported questionnaires (24 low disease activity, 353 higher active disease) were analyzed. (Flaring in the previous 12 months was 2.6‑fold more common among patients with higher versus low active disease.) EQ 5D‑3L utility index was 0.79 and 0.88 and FACIT-Fatigue scores were 34.78 and 39.79 in low versus higher active disease patients, respectively, indicating better health and less fatigue, among patients with low versus higher active disease. Absenteeism, presenteeism, overall work impairment, and total activity impairment were 47-, 2-, 2-.6- and 1–5-fold greater in patients with higher versus low disease activity. In the previous 12 months there were 28% more healthcare consultations and 3.4‑fold more patients hospitalized in patients with higher versus low disease activity.ConclusionCompared to SLE patients with higher active disease, patients with low disease activity experienced better health status, lower HCRU. less fatigue, and lower work productivity impairment, with work absenteeism being substantially lower in these patients.

Review of Mathematical Optimization and Statistics-based Techniques for Public Health Intervention in India: Balancing Efficiency, Resources, and Policy Goals

“…Relies on the assumption of unconfoundedness, which states that all relevant confounders have been accounted for and balanced between the treatment and control groups [17].  Small sample size: Requires a sufficiently large sample size to ensure reliable matches between treatment and control subjects.…”