Metadata standards in web archiving technological resources for ensuring the digital preservation of archived websites

Abstract

Introdução: A preservação digital no arquivamento da Web só será possível com o uso efetivo de padrões de metadados, pois são eles que determinaram a persistência, a coerência, a compreensibilidade, o acesso e a representação de sites selecionados, coletados e armazenados em arquivos da Web, além de definir a arquivabilidade de sites e a interoperabilidade entre sistemas. Objetivo: Neste contexto, foi objetivo do artigo identificar e definir quais padrões de metadados poderiam ser julgados por instituições de memória e universidades para que estas pudessem atender a preservação digital em arquivos da Web. Metodologia: Para isto, fez-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, que usa o método bibliográfico a partir de levantamento assistemático e de revisão e análise de conteúdo da literatura. Foram selecionados e analisados os padrões Dublin Core, MODS, EAD, VRA Core, PREMIS e METS. Resultados e Conclusão: A análise dos resultados aponta que Dublin Core, MODS, EAD e VRA Core ampararam METS e PREMIS na descoberta e documentação de aspectos técnicos dos sites e na comprovação de sua autenticidade, contexto e proveniência. O METS pode gerir sites arquivados atuando como pacotes de informação OAIS, sendo que o Dublin Core mostrou ser um expoente para arquivamento Web por seu uso em iniciativas notáveis da área.

Metadata Standard for Continuous Preservation, Discovery, and Reuse of Research Data in Repositories by Higher Education Institutions: A Systematic Review

“…Repositories or data centres may guide or even dictate the content and format of metadata used for preserving data, using a formal metadata standard. [6,13,14,18] Three main types of metadata: descriptive, structural, and (administrative-technical, right and preservation) that provide information such as title, author(s), abstract, extent, subject, publisher, keywords, data collection and analysing tools, page numbers, format, date, and the geographic location of the data in the repository, facilitates data discovery, organises electronic resources, promotes interoperability, and supports the curation and preservation of research data in the repository.…”

“…The framework provided by the findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR) [3]; collective benefit, authority to control, responsibility, and ethics (CARE); and transparency, responsibility, user focus, sustainability, and technology (TRUST) [4,5] principles enable the long-term preservation and reusability of research data in digital repositories [2,5]. The established methods to preserve, describe, and reuse research data using metadata and metadata standards [5][6][7].…”

“…Metadata are data about a digital resource that is stored in an organised form suitable for machine processing, and they attend to many purposes in long-term preservation, Information 2023, 14, 427 2 of 17 including providing a record of activities that have been performed upon the digital material and supporting the discovery and reuse of research data [8][9][10]. A metadata standard is a requirement that is intended to establish a common understanding of the meaning of the data to ensure proper use and interpretation of data by its creator and other users [6,11]. There are different forms of metadata standards, including structure, value, content, and interchange standards [12].…”

“…Metadata also guarantee the preservation of a digital resource/object, for example, archived sites and through specific metadata standards, such as Preservation Metadata Implementation Strategies (PREMIS) and Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) [6,19]. Other metadata standards include Dublin Core, Encoded Archival Description (EAD), Visual Resources Association (VRA) Core, Categories for the Description of Works of Art (CDWA), and Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) and Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) [6,19,20]. The Resource Description Access (RDA) metadata standard catalogue is a collaborative, open directory of metadata standards applicable to research data [21].…”

“…The Resource Description Access (RDA) metadata standard catalogue is a collaborative, open directory of metadata standards applicable to research data [21]. Several metadata standards have been identified and evaluated to fit into required research data and datasets into repositories [5,6]. Metadata are an indispensable component of any research data repository's definition, purpose, and function because it is the basis of the practical creation and maintenance of metadata standards that enable the management of research data [22,23].…”