Targeting of temozolomide using magnetic nanobeads: an in vitro study

Abstract

Temozolomide, a chemotherapeutic drug that is often administered for the treatment of brain cancer has severe side effects and a poor aqueous solubility. In order to decrease the detrimental effect of the drug over healthy cells, a novel drug delivery vehicle was developed where the therapeutic drug was encapsulated within the hydrophobic cavities of b-CD modified magnetite nanoparticles, which are embedded in chitosan nanobeads prepared by salt addition. In-vitro studies have shown that the magnetic properties of the novel delivery vehicle are adequate for targeted drug delivery applications under an external magnetic field. Additionally, an increase in the amount of chitosan was shown to exhibit a strong shielding effect over the magnetic properties of the delivery vehicle, which lead to deterioration of the amount of captured drug at the targeted area, suggesting a delicate balance between the amounts of constituents composing the drug delivery vehicle.

Small Molecules of Marine Origin as Potential Anti-Glioma Agents

“…TMZ was successfully encapsulated with different functionalized NPs such as: transferrin-functionalized liposome loaded with TMZ and the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 [ 68 ], biotin-functionalized chitosan conjugated with TMZ and surface-bound CTX ligand [ 69 ], poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-NP- monoclonal antibody functionalized with an OX26 mAbs [ 70 ], mesopore silica nanoparticles [ 71 ], gold-coated nanofibers [ 72 ] and magnetite NP where TMZ was loaded and incorporated into the synthesized polyurethane based on poly (ε-caprolactone diol) [ 73 ]. DOX was also tested with different NPs for glioma such as: magnetic silica NPs- functionalized with poly transferrin (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) [ 74 ], biocompatible magnetic iron oxide NP stabilized with trimethoxysilylpropyl-ethylenediamine triacetic acid [ 75 ], polymeric micelle obtained from aspartic acid from poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (aspartic acid) block copolymer [ 76 ] and a surface-modified liposomal formulation with proteolytically stable peptides, CDX and c(RGDyK) [ 77 ].…”

Enhancing glioblastoma treatment through the integration of tumor-treating fields

“…The TTFields treatment planning process includes clinical evaluation and creation of a patient-specific computational model, optimization of the transducer array layout, and definition of a treatment plan ( 29 ).…”

“…Stein et al. reported a case of complete radiological response in thalamic GBM after treatment with proton therapy, TMZ, and TTFields ( 29 ).…”

Glioblastoma pharmacotherapy: A multifaceted perspective of conventional and emerging treatments (Review)

“…Implantable microspheres loaded with TMZ that can release this drug in a sustained manner have been previously studied (26). In addition, functionalised TMZ nanoparticles have been successfully developed, including liposomes functionalised with transferrin (27), chitosan nanoparticle functionalised with biotin (28), poly-lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticle functionalised with a monoclonal antibody against transferrin receptor (29), mesopore silica nanoparticles (30), gold-coated nanofibers (31) and magnetite nanoparticles (32). To improve the bioavailability of active drugs by preventing rapid degradation or drug resistance, other strategies have been used in addition to nanotechnology, such as synergistic substances or tumour-targeting peptides.…”

“…However, they may also cause alterations in other signalling networks that can indirectly promote cancer progression, including inflammation, modulation of the tumour microenvironment and angiogenesis (8). To date, three core signalling pathways have been frequently associated with GBM pathogenesis (32,49,50): The p53, Rb and RTK/Ras/PI3K pathways (Fig. 1).…”