“…Natural dyes can be transformed into lake pigments, which can impart patterns, richness, and volume to painting products, including cloth, cosmetics, and toys, resulting in the wide application of natural dyes [34,35]. Lake pigments or lake colors can be easily prepared by fixing natural dyes with a substrate using precipitation or adsorption method [36][37][38][39][40]. The precipitation method requires inert binders or mordants such as potassium aluminum sulfate (most frequently used), tannin, and other soluble salts of metal, including iron, tin, copper and aluminium whereas adsorption method needs adsorbents, such as clay, aluminium oxide, aluminium hydroxide, and montmorillonite [41][42][43][44][45].…”