Salivary and Serum Biochemical Analysis from Patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: To compare salivary and serum biochemical levels in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Material and Methods: The sample was composed of 57 patients treated in Hemodialysis Reference Centers, from a state of Northeastern Brazilian, with age ≥21 years old with at least 3 months of hemodialysis treatment time. Serum data were obtained from records. Unstimulated and stimulated saliva were collected. Flow rate (mL/min) was measured. Spectrophotometry was performed for the measurement of salivary levels of calcium (570 nm), urea (340 nm), and creatinine (510 nm). Statistical analysis used Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p<0.05). Results: Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates were 0.43 mL/min and 1.69 mL/min, respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.001) of levels of calcium (5.41 mg/dL and 9.70 mg/dL), urea (118.03 mg/dL and 183.22 mg/dL) and creatinine (0.59 mg/dL and 9.20 mg/dL) between saliva and serum, respectively. Concerning the time of hemodialysis, salivary and serum calcium not exhibited significant association; however, serum urea (p=0.012) and serum creatinine (p=0.025) showed significant association to the time of hemodialysis. Conclusion: Salivary biochemical levels of urea, creatinine and calcium can indicate the presence of a possible chronic renal failure and the saliva demonstrated to be a potential auxiliary biofluid for clinical monitoring renal alterations.

Comparative Analysis of Biochemical Profile in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis

“…However, limitations include the study's scope, restricted to a single center and a relatively small sample size, potentially affecting the generalizability of the findings (10,17). Acknowledging these limitations and building upon the study's findings through further research will be crucial for advancing the management of electrolyte imbalances in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis (3,6,18).…”

“…Renal failure, a significant medical concern characterized by the loss of these essential kidney functions, manifests in two forms: acute renal failure (ARF), which occurs suddenly and is often reversible, and chronic renal failure (CRF), a gradual and irreversible decline in kidney function over time (2,5). Factors contributing to renal failure include infections, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, endocrine disorders, and exposure to toxic substances, with diabetes being the foremost cause of CRF, closely associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates (3,6,7). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its ultimate stage, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), pose substantial health risks, necessitating lifesustaining treatments like hemodialysis (HD) to mimic the kidneys' filtration process (8)(9)(10).…”

Programa de resistência muscular para membros inferiores melhora sarcopenia urêmica

“…À medida que a capacidade de força, potência ou resistência aumentam em consequência do treinamento, se faz necessário aumentar a carga para promover novas adaptações musculares. 30 O Colégio Americano de Medicina Esportiva 19 recomenda que indivíduos iniciantes utilizem carga correspondente a 40 ou 60% de 1RM para duas ou três séries de oito a doze repetições, na presente pesquisa, os participantes iniciaram os exercícios com baixa intensidade, utilizando 40% de 1RM, e essa carga foi progressivamente aumentada a cada duas semanas, finalizando com 80% de 1RM.…”

Oral health challenges in patients with chronic kidney disease: A comprehensive clinical assessment

“…Increased urea levels in the oral environment of patients with CKD can contribute to different oral alterations. These patients may present with uremic stomatitis and halitosis, alterations in salivary composition and pH, xerostomia, dysgeusias, pale oral mucosa, oral mucosa pigmentation, greater frequency of periodontal disease, dental enamel hypoplasia, osteodystrophy, amyloidosis, and ecchymosis ( Anuradha et al, 2015 , Gonçalves et al, 2021 , Gupta et al, 2015 , Marinoski et al, 2019 , Rodrigues et al, 2022 , Trzcionka et al, 2021 ).…”