Oral Habits: Prevalence and Effects on Occlusion Among 7 to 13 Years Old School Children in Aseer, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

To evaluate the prevalence of deleterious oral habits and its effect on occlusion in school going children from 7 to 13 years old, in Aseer region of Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by clinical examination for the total sample of 750, who were attending private/ government schools in Aseer region school. Students were selected by stratified cluster random sampling. Clinical findings of each oral habits, including assessment of malocclusion, were examined involving the following parameters, i.e., crowding, spacing, open bite, crossbite and deep bite. Logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results: Boys had 26.2 % of crowded teeth, while 16.3% of girls were found to have crowded teeth; the difference was found to be significant (p=0.002). Spacing was present in 26.4% of boys and 16.7% girls; a significant difference was found between the two (p=0.002). Sleep bruxism was observed more among male subjects than females with a statistically significant difference in detrimental habits (p<0.001). Those subjects having tongue thrusting are 1.264 times at more risk of having crowded teeth than those with no tongue thrusting. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of malocclusion associated with harmful oral habits in children. This highlighted the need to implement programs of oral care and health education for preventive orthodontic treatment at an early age.

Presencia de hábitos orales en pacientes con maloclusiones de 4 a 14 años, Cali, Colombia

“…( 17) Así mismo, otro estudio reciente, relaciona la presencia de este hábito con apiñamiento dental severo. (24) Con respecto a la onicofagia, es un hábito que se presenta con alta frecuencia, ocupando la segunda posición no solo en el presente estudio sino también en los realizados en otras investigaciones, en niños entre los 4 y los 12 años. (3,17,25) Este hábito está asociado a un cambio social y psicológico, además, es de suma importancia evaluarlo al momento del examen clínico pues es uno de los más difíciles de erradicar.…”

“…(18) Adicionalmente, se sugiere el desarrollo de programas enfocados en la educación de la salud oral y la intervención temprana de los hábitos. (24) Revista Nacional de Odontología e-ISSN 2357-4607 / Vol. 16, no.…”

Impact of the Habit of Mouth Breathing on the Development of the Stomatognathic System- Literature Review

“…Mouth breathers present occlusal alterations; the vertical relationship is affected due to an increase in overjet and negative overbite, giving rise to anterior open bite.The most common molar relationship in patients with alteration of the normal respiratory pattern is in its order: Class II division 1, Class I, Class II division 2, Class III [3,[11][12][13][14]31,33].…”

“…Different studies on harmful oral habits in populations between 2 and 15 years old indicate a prevalence of mouth breathing between 4.3% and 56.8% [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The associated anterior open bite habit is between 6.1% and 37%; linked to tongue thrusting between 2.7% and 29.4% in mouth breathers.…”

“…The associated anterior open bite habit is between 6.1% and 37%; linked to tongue thrusting between 2.7% and 29.4% in mouth breathers. It is also indicated that there is a possible relationship between the habit of mouth breathing and posterior open bite in 30.3%.11 On the other hand, other studies relate Angle Class II dental malocclusion in 3.2% and 18.2% in BR and crossbite between 1.2% and 17% [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”