Histological and molecular characterization of the protective effect of Eugenia caryophyllata against renal toxicity induced by vitamin D in male wistar rats

Abstract

Vitamin D can be harmful if taken for a long time, or taken in large acute dose, cause many problems including hypercalcemia. Here, we examined the protective effects of Eugenia Caryophyllata against vitamin D toxicity induced renal inflammation in rats. This study employed four experimental groups (n = 10) that underwent two months of treatment as follows: control group animal received saline (0.9% NaCl), vitamin D group that was received (100 mg/kg) of vitamin D, Eugenol group that was received Eugenol (100 mg/kg), vitamin D + eugenol group that was received vitamin D (100 mg/kg) then will be orally given Eugenol (100 mg/kg). The current study showed that a significant upregulation in the IL-2, TNF-α and iNOS gene expression levels caused by vitamin D compared to the control group. Eugenol treatment caused a significant decreased IL-2, TNF-α and iNOS activity and also upregulated gene expression levels. Histological features investigated showed that administered with vitamin D intoxication showed distinct alterations from that of the untreated control groups, such Shrinkage of glomeruli, hypercellularity of the glomeruli and necrosis. However, retreatment with Eugenol showed improvement in the histological features in by slight infiltration, fibrosis, minimal pleomorphism and less disarrangement and compared with that of Vitamin D treated rats. In conclusion, the Eugenol exhibited renoprotective effects against vitamin D-induced nephrotoxicity. These renoprotective effects could be achieved by the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the Eugenol. Thus, for vitamin D-induced nephrotoxicity, the use of Eugenol could be beneficial.

In vitro studies for the antiparasitic activities of Azadirachta indica extract

“…However, indiscriminate and long-time use of these drugs has led to the emergence of drug resistance and adverse side effects (Abbas et al, 2011;Dkhil, 2013). Plant-derived compounds have been developed as an alternative approach to control parasitic infections (Klimpel et al 2011;Amer et al, 2015;Elkhadragy et al, 2022). These agents do not target only the parasites but may also have organ-protective properties in the parasite-infected target hosts (Masood et al, 2013;Wunderlich et al, 2014).…”

In vitro antiparasitic activity of ethanolic leaves extract of Anethum graveolens

“…Anticoccidial herbal medicines typically have fewer drug residues and less drug resistance than chemotherapeutic drugs (Quiroz-Castaneda and Dantan-Gonzáles, 2015). As a result, plantderived compounds have been developed as an alternative approach to parasitic infection control (Klimpel et al, 2011;Amer et al, 2015;Elkhadragy et al, 2022;Al-Otaibi et al, 2023) where, these products have organ-protective properties in Eimeria-infected hosts and target parasites (Wunderlich et al, 2014).…”