Investigation into the bioavailability of synthesized phytosterol esters in vitro and in vivo using Caco-2 cell model and Wistar rats

Wang, Shirang; Yu, Dianyu; Shi, Yongge; Jiang, Lianzhou; Yang, Fuming; Yu, Guoping

doi:10.1590/fst.68620

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The presence of free phytosterols, and more specifically that of β-sitosterol, should be highlighted ( Figure 2 ). However, other compounds, such as phytosterol esters, may be of great interest given their different bioavailability with respect to free forms [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Acanthus mollis L. Rhizome Hexane Extract

et al. 2023

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The rhizomes of Acanthus mollis have traditionally been used for the treatment of several ailments involving inflammation. However, to the best of our knowledge, their chemical composition and pharmacological properties have not been studied until now. As a first approach, this study analyses the A. mollis rhizome hexane extract phytochemistry and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities in HepG2 and RAW 264.7 cell culture assays. Chemical profiling was performed with gas chromatography mass spectrometry without the modification of native molecules. Free phytosterols (such as β-sitosterol) account for 70% of detected compounds. The anti-inflammatory capacity of the rhizome extract of A. mollis is mediated by the decrease in the NO production in RAW 264.7 that has previously been stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HepG2 pre-treatment with the rhizome extract prevents any damage being caused by oxidative stress, both through ROS scavenge and through the antioxidant cellular enzyme system. In this respect, the extract reduced the activity of glutathione peroxidase and reductase, which were stimulated under oxidative stress conditions. Our results suggest that the extract from the rhizomes of A. mollis may constitute a potential source of natural products with anti-inflammatory activity and could validate the traditional use of A. mollis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Acanthus mollis L. Rhizome Hexane Extract

et al. 2023

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“…In this context, Wang et al in their recent study aimed to investigate the bioavailability of synthesized phytosterol esters (stigmasterol as the main constituent) in vitro and in vivo using Caco-2 cell model and Wistar rats. The results showed that the bioavailability of phytosterol after esterification was better in vivo and in vitro, especially for the linoleic ester of phytosterol, which had a bioavailability of four times higher than that of free phytosterol [ 129 ]. Considering that phytosterols represent plant sterols structurally similar cholesterol, they can affect the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of cholesterol.…”

Section: Bioaccessibility and Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Benefits and Pharmacological Properties of Stigmasterol

et al. 2022

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Stigmasterol is an unsaturated phytosterol belonging to the class of tetracyclic triterpenes. It is one of the most common plant sterols, found in a variety of natural sources, including vegetable fats or oils from many plants. Currently, stigmasterol has been examined via in vitro and in vivo assays and molecular docking for its various biological activities on different metabolic disorders. The findings indicate potent pharmacological effects such as anticancer, anti-osteoarthritis, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, antiparasitic, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Indeed, stigmasterol from plants and algae is a promising molecule in the development of drugs for cancer therapy by triggering intracellular signaling pathways in numerous cancers. It acts on the Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT pathways in ovarian and gastric cancers. In addition, stigmasterol markedly disrupted angiogenesis in human cholangiocarcinoma by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) signaling down-regulation. The association of stigmasterol and sorafenib promoted caspase-3 activity and down-regulated levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in breast cancer. Antioxidant activities ensuring lipid peroxidation and DNA damage lowering conferred to stigmasterol chemoprotective activities in skin cancer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation also contributes to the neuroprotective effects of stigmasterol, as well as dopamine depletion and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The anti-inflammatory properties of phytosterols involve the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, the decrease in inflammatory mediator release, and the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Stigmasterol exerts anti-diabetic effects by reducing fasting glucose, serum insulin levels, and oral glucose tolerance. Other findings showed the antiparasitic activities of this molecule against certain strains of parasites such as Trypanosoma congolense (in vivo) and on promastigotes and amastigotes of the Leishmania major (in vitro). Some stigmasterol-rich plants were able to inhibit Candida albicans, virusei, and tropicalis at low doses. Accordingly, this review outlines key insights into the pharmacological abilities of stigmasterol and the specific mechanisms of action underlying some of these effects. Additionally, further investigation regarding pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology is recommended.

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“…8 Some scholars have developed an anaerobic simultaneous denitrication and methanogenesis process based on AD for NO 3 − -N removal without the need for additional nitrogen removal equipment or organic carbon sources. 9 AD includes hydrolysis, acidication, and methanogenesis steps. Nitrogen conversion during AD includes microbial assimilation, ammonication, denitrication, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%