Antidiabetic activity screening and nmr profile of vegetable and spices commonly consumed in Indonesia

Abstract

Apart from their nutritional value, vegetables and spices were empirically known to have functional properties such as antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. However, scientific evidence of these health effects is limited. In our effort to find potent raw material for antidiabetic functional food development, α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity of 15 Indonesian vegetables and spices methanolic extracts were screened. Their phytochemical profiles were assessed by determining total phenolic content (TPC) and 1 H NMR fingerprinting. The results showed that the Syzygium polyanthum, Pluchea indica, Etlingera elaitor, and Cosmos caudatus had the highest GIA (IC 50 11.76 ± 0.32, 12.17 ± 0.18, 53.13 ± 2.87, and 61.33 ± 1.21 μg/ml, respectively). The AA and TPC of the four samples were also higher than the others. The 1 H NMR profiles of the active samples were different from the non-active samples mainly in the aromatic region. Further observation of the spectra revealed that caffeoylquinic derivatives and esculetin were identified in P. indica; while gallic acid, syringic acid, and myricetin were identified in S. polyanthum. These compounds were known to have antidiabetic activity through different mechanisms.

Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activities of Select Indonesian Vegetables, Herbs, and Spices on Human Lymphocytes

“…The total phenolic content of the vegetables, herbs, and spices used in this study was previously reported by Syabana et al [ 16 ] and Yuliana et al [ 17 ] as varying from 0.08 to 37.99 μ g gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg extract ( Table 1 ). Similar to flavonoid content, C. caudatus was reported to have high phenolic content (21.34 μ g GAE/mg extract) whereas K. galanga exhibited low phenolic content (1.53 μ g GAE/mg extract).…”

“…Antioxidant components within plant extracts are multifunctional, and their activity and mechanism largely depend on the composition and conditions of the system. Syabana et al [ 16 ] and Yuliana et al [ 17 ] reported the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the vegetables, herbs, and spices used in this study, varying from 10.30% to 95.11% ( Table 2 ). Similar to the FRAP values, C. caudatus demonstrated high ability to scavenge the DPPH free radical (94.68%).…”

“…xcitriodorum, C. caudatus, P. trinervia, C. asiatica, P. indica, P. fruticosum, A. occidentale, C. barbata, A. graveolens, S. polyanthum, P. amaryllifolius, A. schoenoprasum, A. fistulosum, K. galanga, and C. mangga have been reported to exhibit antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities [16,17].…”

“…A. schoenoprasum is used to relieve pain from sunburn and sore throat [ 15 ]. Additionally, S. androgynus , A. irregularis , M. oleifera , C. papaya , S. grandiflora , E. elatior , S. torvum , S. nigrum , T. triangulare , N. scutellarium , O. xcitriodorum , C. caudatus , P. trinervia , C. asiatica , P. indica , P. fruticosum , A. occidentale , C. barbata , A. graveolens , S. polyanthum , P. amaryllifolius , A. schoenoprasum , A. fistulosum , K. galanga , and C. mangga have been reported to exhibit antioxidant and α -glucosidase inhibitory activities [ 16 , 17 ]. However, research on these plants, especially on their immunomodulatory effects, has not been optimally conducted.…”

Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Assessment of Pluchea Indica (L.) Less Extract as an Active Ingredient in Natural Lotion Bar

“…These screened phytochemical compounds in this study are well known to support bioactive activities in medicinal plants which will be assessed next in this study. [22] and methanolic extract (37.99±1.39 µgGAE/mg) [23] of PI, but it was higher than in methanol (0.421±0.0026 mg/ml) and water (0.382±0.0269 mgGAE/ml) extract of PI from Poland [24]. The total flavonoids content (TFC) was high in 95% ethanolic extract (381.20±0.10 mg RE/100 g DW) followed by aqueous and 75% acetone extracts of PI leaves (293.20±1.42 and 245.40±0.26 mg RE/100 g DW, respectively) using aluminum chloride assay which was higher than TFC from Nonthaburi province, Thailand (7.67±0.19 mg CE/100g DW) from the previous study [25].…”