Preparation, characterization, and bioactivities of polysaccharides fractions from sugarcane leaves

Abstract

Three new polysaccharides (SLP-50, SLP-70, and SLP-90) were fractionated successively by gradient concentrations of ethanol. This study aimed to investigate the initial structural characterization and bioactivities of these sugarcane leaves polysaccharides (SLPs) obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction. The results, which were further validated by IR spectrometry, revealed that the three SLPs contained uronic acids, proteins, and sulfate groups in addition to carbohydrate. SLP-50 (36.40 kDa), SLP-70 (12.97 kDa), and SLP-90 (3.52 kDa) were acidic heteropolysaccharides mainly comprised of mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic acid (Glc A), galacturonic acid (Gal A), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), xylose (Xyl), and arabinose (Ara), in different molar ratios. SLP-90 exhibited higher antioxidant capacity than SLP-50 and SLP-70. In vitro, all fractions showed significant hypoglycemic potential and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The IC 50 values of SLP-50, SLP-70, and SLP-90 were 0.11, 0.05, and 0.67 mg/mL on α-glucosidase, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of acarbose (0.80 mg/mL). These findings could provide a reference for developing and applying SLP-based functional foods.

Effect of different sterilization methods on the appearance, composition, and flavor of sugarcane juice

“…Traditional Chinese medicine also recognizes non‐centrifuge sugar for its reputed benefits in relieving cough, promoting bowel movements, and mitigating adverse effects of alcohol. Modern medical research has further confirmed the anticavity (Jaffé, 2012), antioxidant (Xu et al., 2005), antibacterial (Kaur et al., 2017), anti‐inflammatory (Ledon et al., 2003), hypoglycemic (Mo et al., 2023), and antitumor effects (Prakash et al., 2021) of non‐centrifuge sugar.…”