Determination of malathion, chlorpyrifos, λ-cyhalothrin and arsenic in rice

Hamid, Almas; Yaqub, Ghazala; Ayub, Mehak; Naeem, Muhammad Salman

doi:10.1590/fst.01020

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Our Pakistani group presented the concentration of 0.075 ± 0.05 mg kg −1 presented by Almutairi et al [ 33 ]. Hamid et al [ 47 ] observed a higher chlorpyrifos concentration of 3.3 mg kg −1 and 1.45 mg kg −1 in two Pakistani brown rice samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Analysis of Mycotoxins, Potentially Toxic Elements, and Pesticides in Rice: A Health Risk Assessment Study

Yousefi

Abbasi

Hadidi

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Rice is a widely consumed food worldwide; however, it can be a source of pollutants, such as potentially toxic elements (PTEs), mycotoxins, and pesticides. Sixty rice samples imported from Pakistan (PAK), India (IND), and Thailand (THAI), as well as domestic Iranian (IRN) rice, were collected from Bushehr, Iran, and investigated for the contamination of PTEs, including arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni); pesticides, including chlorpyrifos, trichlorfon, diazinon, fenitrothion, and chlorothalonil; mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA), and deoxynivalenol (DON); and molds. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) of pollutants and hazard index (HI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of rice types for the Iranian adult population were calculated. The content of PTEs in Iranian rice was not higher than Iran’s national standard limits. In contrast, other types of rice (imported) had at least one PTE above the permissible level. OTA content was below the detection limit, and all other mycotoxins were within the allowable range in all rice types. Thai rice was the only group without pesticides. The HI order of rice types was as follows: HIPAK = 2.1 > HIIND = 1.86 > HIIRN = 1.01 > HITHAI = 0.98. As was the biggest contributor to the HI of Iranian and Thai rice, and diazinon in the HI of Pakistani and Indian rice. The calculation of ILCR confirmed that the concentrations of Ni and Pb in Pakistani and Ni and As in Indian, Thai, and Iranian rice were not acceptable in terms of lifetime carcinogenic health risks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Analysis of Mycotoxins, Potentially Toxic Elements, and Pesticides in Rice: A Health Risk Assessment Study

Yousefi

Abbasi

Hadidi

et al. 2023

Toxins

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“…Chlorpyrifos metabolites methyl-chlorpyrifos and their metabolites (oxon forms and trichloro pyridinol) are toxic [5]. Children who had chlorpyrifos in their blood had more developmental delays and disorders, deficit disorders and hyperactivity disorders [5], and also the development of autism [6]. The toxic effects of chlorpyrifos and its metabolites on some physiologically important enzymes ATPases, cholinesterases, and peroxidases [7] have been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorpyrifos metabolites methyl‐chlorpyrifos and their metabolites (oxon forms and trichloro pyridinol) are toxic [5]. Children who had chlorpyrifos in their blood had more developmental delays and disorders, deficit disorders and hyperactivity disorders [5], and also the development of autism [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A validated square‐wave voltammetric method for simultaneous determination of two insecticide metabolites: 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol and malathion diacid and their binding constants with human serum albumin

El‐Maali

Shafea

Mahmoud

et al. 2022

Separation Science Plus

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A proposed validated square‐wave voltammetric method and high‐performance liquid chromatography, as a comparative method, are applied to measure simultaneously two metabolites‐ of current use pesticides‐ namely 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol and malathion dicarboxylic acid. Method validation and quality control parameters are studied. Method detection limits are found to be 0.043 and 0.061 μg/ml for 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol and malathion dicarboxylic acid, respectively whereas the practical quantification limits are found to be 0.135 and 0.193 μg/ml (voltammetry), 0.05 and 0.1 μg/ml (high‐performance liquid chromatography) for 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol and malathion dicarboxylic acid, respectively. The application of the proposed method for the analysis of water samples collected from different sources has been assessed. The interaction of these metabolites with human serum albumin was studied, a 1:1 association complex was formed and their binding constants were evaluated through the calculation to be 0.30 × 102/M for 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol and 8.414 × 103/M for malathion dicarboxylic acid. The low value of the binding of 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol metabolite indicates that this metabolite is more likely to be more toxic than the other metabolite.

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“…Up to now, a number of methods were established for the detection and quantification of pesticides and related biomarkers. Instrumental detection, such as gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis [12,13], is proven as an effective means to detect pesticides. Although these instrumental approaches present the merits of high selectivity and excellent repeatability, the limits including expensive equipment, time-consuming process, and complex operation seriously restrict their use for on-site rapid detection [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanozyme-Participated Biosensing of Pesticides and Cholinesterases: A Critical Review

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2021

Biosensors

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To improve the output and quality of agricultural products, pesticides are globally utilized as an efficient tool to protect crops from insects. However, given that most pesticides used are difficult to decompose, they inevitably remain in agricultural products and are further enriched into food chains and ecosystems, posing great threats to human health and the environment. Thus, developing efficient methods and tools to monitor pesticide residues and related biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase and butylcholinesterase) became quite significant. With the advantages of excellent stability, tailorable catalytic performance, low cost, and easy mass production, nanomaterials with enzyme-like properties (nanozymes) are extensively utilized in fields ranging from biomedicine to environmental remediation. Especially, with the catalytic nature to offer amplified signals for highly sensitive detection, nanozymes were finding potential applications in the sensing of various analytes, including pesticides and their biomarkers. To highlight the progress in this field, here the sensing principles of pesticides and cholinesterases based on nanozyme catalysis are definitively summarized, and emerging detection methods and technologies with the participation of nanozymes are critically discussed. Importantly, typical examples are introduced to reveal the promising use of nanozymes. Also, some challenges in the field and future trends are proposed, with the hope of inspiring more efforts to advance nanozyme-involved sensors for pesticides and cholinesterases.

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Determination of malathion, chlorpyrifos, λ-cyhalothrin and arsenic in rice

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Simultaneous Analysis of Mycotoxins, Potentially Toxic Elements, and Pesticides in Rice: A Health Risk Assessment Study

Simultaneous Analysis of Mycotoxins, Potentially Toxic Elements, and Pesticides in Rice: A Health Risk Assessment Study

A validated square‐wave voltammetric method for simultaneous determination of two insecticide metabolites: 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol and malathion diacid and their binding constants with human serum albumin

Nanozyme-Participated Biosensing of Pesticides and Cholinesterases: A Critical Review

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