Relationships between static foot alignment and dynamic plantar loads in runners with acute and chronic stages of plantar fasciitis: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

BACKGROUND:The risk factors for the development of plantar fasciitis (PF) have been associated with the medial longitudinal arch (MLA), rearfoot alignment and calcaneal overload. However, the relationships between the biomechanical variables have yet to be determined.OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to investigate the relationships between the MLA, rearfoot alignment, and dynamic plantar loads in runners with unilateral PF in acute and chronic phases.METHOD: Cross-sectional study which thirty-five runners with unilateral PF were evaluated: 20 in the acute phase (with pain) and 15 with previous chronic PF (without pain). The MLA index and rearfoot alignment were calculated using digital images. The contact area, maximum force, peak pressure, and force-time integral over three plantar areas were acquired with Pedar X insoles while running at 12 km/h, and the loading rates were calculated from the vertical forces.RESULTS: The multiple regression analyses indicated that both the force-time integral (R 2=0.15 for acute phase PF; R 2=0.17 for chronic PF) and maximum force (R 2=0.35 for chronic PF) over the forefoot were predicted by an elevated MLA index. The rearfoot valgus alignment predicted the maximum force over the rearfoot in both PF groups: acute (R 2=0.18) and chronic (R 2=0.45). The rearfoot valgus alignment also predicted higher loading rates in the PF groups: acute (R 2=0.19) and chronic (R 2=0.40). CONCLUSION: The MLA index and the rearfoot alignment were good predictors of plantar loads over the forefoot and rearfoot areas in runners with PF. However, rearfoot valgus was demonstrated to be an important clinical measure, since it was able to predict the maximum force and both loading rates over the rearfoot.

Forefoot transverse arch height asymmetry is associated with foot injuries in athletes participating in college track events

“…First, asymmetry of TAH during 90% loading was more strongly associated with foot injuries than during 10% loading. A load is repeatedly applied to the feet when running, which is considered by many researchers to be associated with some injuries 23 , 24 , 25 ) . In addition, there are some studies suggesting that foot alignment is related to plantar load 23 , 26 ) , with reports of foot alignments being different between weight- and non-weight-bearing positions 27 , 28 ) .…”

Investigation of Plantar Pressure Distribution in Overweight and Obese Individuals

“…Plantar pressure distribution can significantly affect foot and ankle function. Changes in plantar pressure distribution may cause loss of support and flexibility of the foot during functional activities such as walking, running or standing (5)(6)(7). In addition, lower extremity posture is associated with plantar pressure distribution (8) Therefore, changes in plantar pressure distribution may cause changes in lower extremity posture, abnormal loading on the foot and foot-related structures, causing orthopedic diseases such as plantar fasciitis and anterior knee pain (5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Controlled Trial to compare the Achilles Tendon load during running in flatfeet participants using a customized arch support orthoses vs an orthotic heel lift

“…Running is a popular exercise with positive effect to physical and psychological health benefits (Ribeiro et al, 2016). Overuse running injuries have become more prevalent, especially for recreational runners (Taunton JE et al, 2003).…”