Prevention of shoulder injuries in overhead athletes: a science-based approach

Cools, Ann; Johansson, Fredrik; Borms, Dorien; Maenhout, Annelies

doi:10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2014.0109

Cited by 135 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…However, to develop these guidelines, exposure or training factors that are associated with shoulder pain must first be identified. 23 Several researchers 11,[14][15][16] have examined the association between swim-training volume and shoulder pain, but to our knowledge, the level of evidence of these studies has yet to be critically assessed among young to masters-level competitive swimmers. Therefore, the purposes of our systematic review were to evaluate the published evidence and to investigate the relationship between swim-training volume and shoulder pain in 4 age groups representing the swimmer's life span.…”

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confidence: 99%

Swim-Training Volume and Shoulder Pain Across the Life Span of the Competitive Swimmer: A Systematic Review

Feijen

Tate

Kuppens

et al. 2020

Journal of Athletic Training

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Background Competitive swimmers are exposed to enormous volumes of swim training that may overload the soft tissue structures and contribute to shoulder pain. An understanding of training factors associated with the injury is needed before practice guidelines can be developed. Objectives To investigate the relationship between swim-training volume and shoulder pain and to determine swim-training volume and shoulder pain prevalence across the life span of the competitive swimmer. Data Sources Relevant studies within PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE. Study Selection Studies that assessed the relationship between a defined amount of swim training and shoulder pain in competitive swimmers. Data Extraction Twelve studies (N = 1460 participants) met the criteria. Swimmers were grouped by age for analysis: young (<15 years), adolescent (15–17 years), adult (18–22 years), and masters (23–77 years). Data Synthesis Adolescent swimmers showed the highest rates of shoulder pain (91.3%) compared with other age groups (range = 19.4%–70.3%). The greatest swim-training volumes were reported in adolescent (17.27 ± 5.25 h/wk) and adult (26.8 ± 4.8 h/wk) swimmers. Differences in exposure were present between swimmers with and those without shoulder pain in both the adolescent (P = .01) and masters (P = .02) groups. In adolescent swimmers, the weekly swim-training volume (P < .005, P = .01) and years active in competitive swimming (P < .01) correlated significantly with supraspinatus tendon thickness, and all swimmers with tendon thickening experienced shoulder pain. Conclusions Evidence suggests that swim-training volume was associated with shoulder pain in adolescent competitive swimmers (level II conclusion). Year-round monitoring of the athlete's swim training is encouraged to maintain a well-balanced program. Developing athletes should be aware of and avoid a sudden and large increase in swimming volume. However, additional high-quality studies are needed to determine cutoff values in order to make data-based decisions regarding the influence of swim training.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Swim-Training Volume and Shoulder Pain Across the Life Span of the Competitive Swimmer: A Systematic Review

Feijen

Tate

Kuppens

et al. 2020

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…Shoulder ER exercises are routinely used to strengthen and rehabilitate throwing-related shoulder injuries 57 58. Therefore, strengthening RC muscles may reduce rate of shoulder injuries 59. To perform ER exercises, players should stand with the active shoulder abducted at 90° and the elbow flexed at 90° with the forearm pointing upwards.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cluster randomised control trial for cricket injury prevention programme (CIPP): a protocol paper

Soomro¹,

Chua

Freeston

et al. 2017

Inj Prev

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BackgroundInjury prevention programmes (IPPs) are effective in reducing injuries among adolescent team sports. However, there is no validated cricket-specific IPP despite the high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries among amateur cricketers.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether a cricket injury prevention programme (CIPP) as a pretraining warm-up or post-training cool-down can reduce injury rates in amateur cricket players.MethodsCIPP is a cluster randomised controlled trial which includes 36 male amateur club teams having cricket players aged 14–40 years to be randomly assigned to three study arms: warm-up, cool-down and control (n=12 teams, 136 players in each arm). The intervention groups will perform 15 min CIPP either as a pretraining warm-up or a post-training cool-down.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure will be injury incidence per 1000 player hours and the secondary outcome measures will be whether IPP as a warm-up is better than IPP as a cool-down, and the adherence to the intervention.Trial registration numberACTRN 1261700047039.

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“…1 . It has been well documented in the literature that movements at high speed, repetition, and load trigger joint adaptations such as disproportion between internal and external shoulder rotation amplitudes and changes in humeral and scapular positioning [1][2][3][4][5] . Specifically, the modification in the scapula positioning, called scapular dyskinesis, has been studied because it presents possible relations with the presence of pain and shoulder injuries in athletes 2,[6][7][8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scapular dyskinesis was not associated with pain and function in male adolescent athletes

Oliveira¹,

Silva²,

Pitangui³

et al. 2018

Brazilian Journal of Pain

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Scapular dyskinesis has been associated to shoulder injuries and pain. However, this relationship with adolescent athletes is not well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate scapular dyskinesis in young athletes and its association with pain or shoulder function. METHODS: 178 male adolescent athletes (14.58±2.16 years) were evaluated. The subjects completed the Quick Disability Arm Shoulder Hand questionnaire. Body mass, height, shoulder internal rotation and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability test were measured. A dynamic visual method was applied to assess dyskinesis. Binary logistic regression was applied to analyze the association between dyskinesis and other variables. The comparison between groups with and without dyskinesis was made by the Mann-Whitney and t-test, accepting a statistical significance of p<0.05. RESULTS: The dyskinesis prevalence was 56.7% and this condition was not associated with shoulder pain. Younger athletes are 159% more likely to have dyskinesis, while those who practice more than one hour a day for three times a week are 77% more likely to have the same outcome. No difference in shoulder function was found. CONCLUSION: Scapular dyskinesis is not associated with pain and does not affect shoulder function in adolescent athletes. Sports modality, age and training volume seem to induce changes in scapula movement. Keywords: Adolescents, Athletes, Athletic performance, Pain, Shoulder. Scapular dyskinesis was not associated with pain and function in male adolescent athletes RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS:A discinese escapular tem sido associada a lesões e dor no ombro, no entanto essa relação em adolescentes atletas ainda não é bem definida. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de discinese escapular em adolescentes atletas amadores e sua associação com a dor e medidas de função no ombro. MÉTODOS: 178 adolescentes do sexo masculino (14,58±2,16 anos) participaram do estudo. Os sujeitos responderam ao questionário Quick Disability Arm Shoulder Hand. Também foram avaliados massa corporal, estatura, rotação interna do ombro e Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability. Para avaliação da discinese escapular, utilizou-se o método visual dinâmico. A regressão logística binária foi utilizada para analisar a associação entre discinese e as demais variáveis. A comparação entre os grupos com e sem discinese foi feita pelo teste t e Mann-Whitney, sendo aceito significância estatística quando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de discinese foi de 56,7% e essa condição não teve associação com dor no ombro. Atletas mais jovens têm 159% mais chances de apresentar discinese, enquanto aqueles que treinam mais de uma hora por dia, durante três vezes por semana, têm 77% mais chances de ter o mesmo desfecho. Nenhuma diferença na função do ombro foi encontrada. CONCLUSÃO: A discinese escapular não está associada à dor e não altera medidas de função no ombro em adolescentes atletas. Modalidade, idade e volume de treinamento pa...

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Prevention of shoulder injuries in overhead athletes: a science-based approach

Cited by 135 publications

References 62 publications

Swim-Training Volume and Shoulder Pain Across the Life Span of the Competitive Swimmer: A Systematic Review

Swim-Training Volume and Shoulder Pain Across the Life Span of the Competitive Swimmer: A Systematic Review

Cluster randomised control trial for cricket injury prevention programme (CIPP): a protocol paper

Scapular dyskinesis was not associated with pain and function in male adolescent athletes

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